Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website.
Skip navigation
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

  • Food Safety
    • Recalls & Public Health Alerts
      • Report a Problem with Food
        • Additional Recalls
      • Annual Recall Summaries
        • Summary of Recall and PHA Cases in Calendar Year 2023
        • Summary of Recall and PHA Cases in Calendar Year 2022
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2021
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2020
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2019
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2018
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2017
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2016
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2015
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2014
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2013
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2012
    • Food Safety Stats
      • Consumer Research
    • Foodborne Illness and Disease
      • Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Alimentos y Otras Enfermedades
      • Illnesses and Pathogens
        • Botulism
          • Clostridium botulinum y El Botulismo
        • Campylobacter
          • Campylobacter En Español
        • E. coli
        • Listeria
        • Parasites and Foodborne Illness
          • Parásitos y Enfermedades Transmitidas Por los Alimentos
        • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre Listeria
        • Salmonella
          • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre Salmonella
      • Resources for Public Health Partners
        • State Departments of Public Health
      • Outbreaks
        • Outbreak Investigations: Prevention
        • Outbreak Investigations: Response
    • Safe Food Handling and Preparation
      • Food Safety Basics
        • Additives in Meat and Poultry Products
        • Aditivos en Productos Cárnicos y Avícolas
        • Agua en Carnes y Aves
        • Ahumar Carnes y Aves
        • Air Fryers and Food Safety
        • Alergias Alimentarias: Los “9 Grandes”
        • Appliance Thermometers
        • Asar a la parrilla y seguridad alimentaria
        • Cleanliness Helps Prevent Foodborne Illness
        • Cocción Versus Seguridad
        • Cocinar en Hornos Microondas
        • Cooking for Groups
        • Cooking with Microwave Ovens
        • Cutting Boards
        • Cómo Encontrar el Número de Establecimiento del USDA (EST) en el Empaque de Alimentos
        • Cómo las Temperaturas Afectan a los Alimentos
        • Danger Zone 40F - 140F
        • Deep Fat Frying
        • Doneness Versus Safety
        • El Color de la Carne y Las Aves
        • El Gran Deshielo: Métodos Seguros para Descongelar
        • El Manejo Adecuado de los Alimentos Pedidos Por Correo
        • Entendiendo las Retiradas de Alimentos del Mercado del FSIS
        • Fechas en Productos Alimenticios
        • Food Allergies: The “Big 9”
        • Food Thermometers
        • Freidoras de Aire y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Freír en Grasa y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Glosario de Términos de Empaque
        • Glossary of Packaging Terms
        • Grilling Food Safely
        • Grilling and Food Safety
        • Guía del Consumidor Sobre Inocuidad Alimentaria: Tormentas y Huracanes Severos
        • High Altitude Cooking
        • Hongos en los Alimentos: ¿Son Peligrosos?
        • How Temperatures Affect Food
        • How to Find the USDA Establishment Number
        • Importación de Productos Cárnicos, Avícolas y Ovoproductos a Estados Unidos
        • Importing Meat, Poultry & Egg Products US
        • Irradiation and Food Safety FAQ
        • Keeping "Bag" Lunches Safe
        • Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency
        • La Cocción En Elevaciones Altas
        • La Congelación Y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • La Limpieza Ayuda a Prevenir Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Los Alimentos
        • Las Ollas de Cocción Lenta y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Las Sobras de Comida e Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Lavado de Alimentos: ¿Promueve la Inocuidad Alimentaria?
        • Mail Order Food Safety
        • Manipulación Adecuada de Alimentos Para Llevar
        • Mantenga los Alimentos Seguros - Conceptos Básicos de Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Manteniendo Seguros Los Almuerzos En "Bolsas"
        • Materiales de Empaque para Carnes y Aves
        • Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms
        • Meat and Poultry Packaging Materials
        • Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous?
        • Natural Flavors on Meat and Poultry Labels
        • Preguntas Frecuentes Sobre Irradiación y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre la Seguridad Alimentaria Durante un Tailgate
        • Sabores Naturales de Carnes y Aves en las Etiquetas
        • Safe Handling of Take-Out Foods
        • Seguridad Alimentaria Durante Caminatas, Campamentos y Paseos en Bote
        • Seguridad Alimentaria de Comida No Perecedera
        • Slow Cookers and Food Safety
        • Smoking Meat and Poultry
        • Tabla de Temperatura Interna Mínima Segura
        • Tablas de Cortar
        • Tailgating Food Safety Q & A
        • Termómetros para Alimentos
        • Termómetros para Electrodomésticos
        • Términos de Etiquetado de Carnes y Aves
        • Understanding FSIS Food Recalls
        • Voluntarios Sobre la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Water in Meat & Poultry
        • Zona de Peligro (40 F - 140 F)
        • Food Product Dating
        • Freezing and Food Safety
        • Leftovers and Food Safety
        • Refrigeration
          • La Refrigeración y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Safe Temperature Chart
        • Shelf-Stable Food
        • The Big Thaw — Safe Defrosting Methods
        • The Color of Meat and Poultry
        • Washing Food: Does it Promote Food Safety?
        • Food Safety While Hiking, Camping & Boating
      • Meat & Catfish
        • Bacon and Food Safety
        • Bagre de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Beef From Farm To Table
        • Bison from Farm to Table
        • Bisonte de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Cabra de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne Seca y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Carne de Cerdo Fresca de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de Res de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de Ternera de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de res ablandada mecánicamente
        • Carne en Conserva y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Catfish from Farm to Table
        • Color de la Carne Molida Cocida en Relación Con El Grado De Cocción
        • Color of Cooked Ground Beef as It Relates to Doneness
        • Conejo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Cordero de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Corned Beef
        • Cuando se Asan “Otras” Carnes para las Fiestas
        • Door-to-Door Meat Sales
        • El Jamón y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • El Tocino y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Fresh Pork from Farm to Table
        • Goat from Farm to Table
        • Ground Beef and Food Safety
        • Hams and Food Safety
        • Hot Dogs & Food Safety
        • Jerky
        • La Carne Molida y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Lamb From Farm to Table
        • Las Salchichas “hot dogs” y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Los Embutidos y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Mechanically Tenderized Beef
        • Rabbit From Farm to Table
        • Roasting Those "Other" Holiday Meats
        • Sausages and Food Safety
        • Veal from Farm to Table
        • Venta de Carne a Domicilio
        • Yersiniosis and Chitterlings Tips
        • Yersiniosis y los Chinchulines (Tripas): Consejos Para Protegerlo de Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Alimentos
      • Poultry
        • Happy Thanksgiving!
        • Amarras para las Aves y Otros Accesorios
        • Aves: Baños en Solución, Salmueras y Marinadas
        • Chicken From Farm to Table
        • Chicken Liver
        • Duck and Goose from Farm to Table
        • El Relleno y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Hablemos Sobre el Pavo: Una Guía Para el Consumidor Sobre Cómo Asar un Pavo de Forma Segura
        • Hock Locks and Other Accoutrements
        • Is Pink Turkey Meat Safe?
        • La Etiqueta del Ave Dice “Fresco”
        • La Preparación de Turduckens Requiere un Manejo Adecuado
        • Let's Talk Turkey Roasting
        • Pato y Ganso de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Pavo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Pavo: Rutas Alternativas Hacia la Mesa
        • Pollo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Poultry Processing: Questions & Answers
        • Poultry: Basting, Brining, and Marinating
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Cocinar De Forma Adecuada
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Como Descongelar Seguramente
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: El Relleno
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Manejo de las Comidas Cocidas
        • Procesamiento de Aves: Preguntas y Respuestas
        • Stuffing and Food Safety
        • The Poultry Label Says "Fresh"
        • Turduckens Require Safe Food Handling
        • Turkey Basics: Handling Cooked Dinners
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Cooking
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Thawing
        • Turkey Basics: Stuffing
        • Turkey from Farm to Table
        • Turkey: Alternate Routes to the Table
        • ¿Es Segura la Carne de Pavo Rosada?
      • Eggs
        • Egg Products and Food Safety
        • Huevos en Cascarón De la Granja a la Mesa
        • Ovoproductos e Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Shell Eggs from Farm to Table
      • Emergencies
        • A Consumer's Guide to Food Safety: Severe Storms and Hurricanes
        • Eliminando Olores de Refrigeradores y Congeladores
        • Fires and Food Safety
        • Incendios y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Keep Your Food Safe During Emergencies
        • Removing Odors from Refrigerators and Freezers
      • USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline
      • Brochures & Publications
    • Food Defense and Emergency Response
      • Emergency Response
      • Continuity of Operations (COOP)
      • Food Defense
        • Risk Mitigation Tool
        • Food Defense Considerations for Transportation of FSIS-Regulated Products
        • Food Defense Tools, Resources and Training
        • Functional Food Defense Plans
        • International Food Defense
  • Science & Data
    • Research Priorities
      • FSIS/ORISE Food Safety Fellowship Program
        • Aaron Dudley
        • Lauren Lee
        • Sharon Nieves-Miranda
        • Yesutor Soku
        • Ali Strickland
    • Data Sets & Visualizations
      • Microbiology
        • Baseline Microbiology Data Reports
        • Microbiological Testing Program for RTE Meat and Poultry Products
          • Tables & Results Microbiological Testing Program for RTE Meat
          • Tables & Results: Microbiological Testing Program Pasteurized Egg Products
          • Aggregate Salmonella Categorization of Raw Chicken Parts, NRTE Comminuted Poultry, Young Chicken Carcass and Young Turkey Carcass Establishments Using Moving Windows
          • Salmonella Initiative Program Criteria
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Antimicrobial Resistance
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Raw Beef Products
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Ready-to-eat Products and Egg Products
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Salmonella
            • Salmonella Action Plan: A One and Two Year Update
        • Microbiological Testing Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
          • Year-to-Date Totals: Testing of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
          • Annual Report for STEC in Raw Ground Beef or Veal and Raw Ground Beef or Veal Components
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2017
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2018
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2016
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2015
          • Year-to-Date 2018 Totals: Results of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC):
        • Salmonella Verification Testing Program Monthly Posting
      • Chemical Residues and Contaminants
      • Humane Handling Data
      • Laboratory Sampling Data
        • Egg Product Testing, Years 1995-2017
      • Inspection Task Data
    • Developer Resources
      • Recall API
    • Scientific Reports
      • Public Health Regulations (PHR)
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2025
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2024
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2023
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2022
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2021
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2020
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2019
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2018
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2017
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2016
      • Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC)
    • Laboratories & Procedures
      • Accredited Laboratory Program
        • Key Facts: ISO Accreditation
      • FSIS Laboratories
        • Requesting Bacterial Isolates from FSIS
    • Risk Assessments
    • Sampling Program
      • Raw Pork Products Exploratory Sampling Program
      • Sampling Results for FSIS Regulated Products
    • National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)
    • Journal Publications
  • Policy
    • Food Safety Acts
      • Federal Meat Inspection Act
      • Poultry Products Inspection Act
      • Egg Products Inspection Act
      • Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
    • FSIS Guidelines
    • Directives & Notices
      • FSIS Notices
      • FSIS Directives
    • Petitions
    • Federal Register & Rulemaking
      • Federal Register Notices
      • Federal Register Rules
      • Executive Orders, Small Business Protection Laws & Other Guidance
      • Regulatory Priorities
    • Advisory Committees
      • National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection (NACMPI)
      • National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
        • 2023-2025 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF)
        • 2021-2023 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
        • NACMCF 2022 Subcommittee
        • 2018-2020 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
    • FSIS Procurement
    • National Federal Financial Assistance
    • Regulatory Decisions & Non-Retaliation
  • Inspection
    • Inspection Programs
      • Inspection of Meat Products
        • Humane Handling Ombudsman
        • Modernization of Swine Slaughter Inspection
      • Inspection of Poultry Products
        • Reducing Salmonella in Poultry
          • Pilot Projects: Salmonella Control Strategies
          • Proposed Regulatory Framework to Reduce Salmonella Illnesses Attributable to Poultry
            • Component 1
            • Component 2
            • Component 3
          • Salmonella By the Numbers
          • Salmonella KPI
          • Salmonella Risk Assessments
        • Modernization of Poultry Slaughter Inspection
      • Inspection of Egg Products
      • Inspection of Siluriformes
    • Compliance Guidance
      • Significant Guidance
      • HACCP
        • HACCP-Based-Inspection Models Project
          • New Poultry Inspection System (NPIS)
          • HIMP Redesign Achievement of Performance Standards Young Chicken Plants
          • List of HIMP Participating Plants
        • HACCP Validation
      • PHIS
        • PHIS: Historical Information
      • Retail Guidance
      • Small & Very Small Plant Guidance
        • Appealing Inspection Decisions
        • Food Safety Resources for Small and Very Small Plant Outreach: Order Form
        • Small Plant Help Desk
        • Small Plant Help Desk Form
      • Microbial Risk
        • Listeria Monocytogenes
        • Salmonella
        • Shiga Toxin-Producing E.Coli (STEC) and E. Coli O157:H7
        • Specified Risk Material
          • BSE Rules Being Strictly Enforced
            • BSE Workshops for Small & Very Small Plants
          • FSIS BSE Resources
      • Specified Risk Material Resources
      • Food Safety Assessments Tools
      • Recall Process
      • Sanitation Performance Standards Compliance Guide
      • Labeling
        • Basics of Labeling
        • Claims Guidance
        • Nonfood Compounds
          • Compounds Used for Construction and Repair in Federally Inspected Meat and Poultry Plants
          • Criteria Used by the Former Compounds and Packaging Branch for Evaluating Nonfood Compounds and Proprietary Substances
        • Ingredients Guidance
        • Label Submission and Approval System (LSAS)
          • Integration of Paper Label Applications into the Label Submission and Approval System (LSAS)
        • Labeling Policies
          • Human Food Made with Cultured Animal Cells
          • Regulations for Package Dating
          • Comprehensive List of Reasons for Label Modifications and Returns
        • Labeling Procedures
          • Information Required For Requesting a Temporary Approval
          • 10 Most Common Mistakes And How to Avoid Them
          • Label Submission Checklist
          • Labeling Situations That Can Not Have a Temporary Approval
          • Labeling and Establishment Responsibilities
          • Ten Most Commonly Asked Labeling Questions
          • Trans Fat Declarations in the Nutrition Facts Panel on Product Labeling
      • New Technology
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2003
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2004
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2005
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2003
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2004
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2005
        • NOL for Non-O157 STEC Test Methods
        • New Technology Information Table
      • Humane Handling
    • Import & Export
      • Import & Export Library
        • Eligible Foreign Establishments
        • Eligible U.S. Establishments by Country
          • Australia Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Lamb Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Pork Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Poultry Export Eligible Establishments
          • Brazil Export Eligible Establishments
          • Egypt Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Beef Export Eligible Establishments
          • Israel Export Eligible Establishments
          • Japan (Casings) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Japan (Cold Storage Facilities) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Mexico Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Beef) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Pork) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Poultry) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Prepared Products) Export Eligible Establishments
          • South Africa Eligible Establishments
      • Import Guidance
        • FSIS Import Procedures for Meat, Poultry & Egg Products
        • FSIS Import Reinspection
        • Sourcing Egg Products and Shell Eggs From Foreign Countries
      • Export Guidance
      • Equivalence
      • PHIS Components
      • International Reports
        • Foreign Audit Reports
        • Import and Export Data
    • Regulatory Enforcement
      • Humane Handling Enforcement
      • Quarterly Enforcement Reports
    • Inspection Training & Videos
      • Humane Interactive Knowledge Exchange (HIKE) Scenarios
      • Inspection & Mission Training
      • Meat, Poultry and Egg Product Inspection Videos
      • Regulatory Education Video Seminars
    • Apply for Grant of Inspection
      • Grants & Financial Options
    • State Inspection Programs
      • Cooperative Interstate Shipping Program
        • Cooperative Interstate Shipment (CIS) Establishments
      • Guidance Documents for State and Local Agencies
      • States With and Without Inspection Programs
      • Reviews of State Programs
    • Establishments
      • FSIS Inspected Establishments
      • Meat, Poultry and Egg Product Inspection Directory
    • Inspection Forms
  • About FSIS
    • History
    • Leadership & Organizational Structure
    • Strategic Planning
      • FSIS Enterprise Governance Decision Making Process
    • Core Values
    • Food Safety & Agency Partners
      • Memoranda of Understanding (MOU)
    • Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
      • FSIS Adjudications
      • FSIS FOIA Reading Room
      • Frequently Requested Records
    • Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS)
  • Contact Us
    • FSIS Offices
      • Office of Food Safety (OFS)
      • Office of the Administrator (OA)
      • Office of Field Operations (OFO)
      • Office of Investigation, Enforcement and Audit (OIEA)
      • Office of Public Health Science (OPHS)
      • Office of Policy and Program Development (OPPD)
      • Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO)
      • Office of International Coordination (OIC)
      • Office of Employee Experience and Development (OEED)
      • Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO)
      • Office of Management (OM)
      • Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Education (OPACE)
      • Internal Affairs (IA)
      • Office of Planning Analysis Risk Management (OPARM)
      • Civil Rights Staff
    • FSIS Department Emails
    • State Contacts
    • askFSIS
      • Having Trouble with the Webform
    • Payment Options & Information
  • Careers
    • Apply for a Job
    • Job Opportunities
    • Career Profiles
      • Administrative Positions
      • Compliance Investigator Positions
      • Consumer Safety Inspector
      • Food Inspector
      • Professional Positions
      • Public Health Veterinarian (PHV)
      • Scientific Positions
    • Who Works for Us
      • Stephanie Galvan Prioritizes Excellence in FSIS
      • Yolanda Kennedy-Edwards: Compassion and Continuous Improvement to Catapult Change
      • Arsalan “AJ” Jalisi Enhances Decision-Making and Engagement with Data Analytics
      • Archives
    • Hiring Paths
      • Inspector Apprenticeship Programs
      • Professionals with Disabilities
      • Student Employment Programs
      • Externships and Volunteer Opportunities
    • Federal Employee Benefits Summary
  • News & Events
    • Events & Meetings
      • Officials' Calendar of Meetings
      • Food Safety Education Month
    • News & Press Releases
      • News Feeds & Subscriptions
    • Publications
    • Branding & Toolkits
  • Employees
    • HR Policies & Systems
      • Performance Management
    • Forms
    • Understanding Your Benefits
    • FSIS Safety
      • HPAI (H5N1) Information
      • Workplace Violence
    • Onboarding and Offboarding
      • Employees Separating from FSIS
      • New Hire Training
      • Exit Interview Guide
    • Agency Awards & Achievements
      • 2024 Under Secretary’s Awards and Administrator’s Awards for Excellence Ceremony
    • Employee News & Stories
      • FSIS Snapshots
        • May 2025 Snapshots
        • April 2025 Snapshots
        • March 2025 Snapshots
        • January 2025 Snapshots
        • December 2024 Snapshots
        • November 2024 Snapshots
        • October 2024 Snapshots
        • September 2024 Snapshots
        • August 2024 Snapshots
        • July 2024 Snapshots
        • June 2024 Snapshots
        • May 2024 Snapshots
        • April 2024 Snapshots
        • March 2024 Snapshots
        • February 2024 Snapshots
        • January 2024 Snapshots
        • December 2023 Snapshots
        • November 2023 Snapshots
        • October 2023 Snapshots
        • September 2023 Snapshots
        • August 2023 Snapshots
        • July 2023 Snapshots
        • June 2023 Snapshots
        • May 2023 Snapshots
        • April 2023 Snapshots
        • March 2023 Snapshots
        • February 2023 Snapshots
        • January 2023 Snapshots
        • December 2022 Snapshots
        • November 2022 Snapshots
        • October 2022 Snapshots
        • September 2022 Snapshots
        • August 2022 Snapshots
        • July 2022 Snapshots
        • June 2022 Snapshots
        • May 2022 Snapshots
        • April 2022 Snapshots
        • March 2022 Snapshots
        • February 2022 Snapshots
        • January 2022 Snapshots
        • December 2021 Snapshots
        • November 2021 Snapshots
        • October 2021 Snapshots
        • September 2021 Snapshots
        • August 2021 Snapshots
        • July 2021 Snapshots
        • June 2021 Snapshots
      • Submit Your Stories
      • Archives
        • ARCHIVE: Professional Development and Education Benefits as a Recruitment Tool
        • ARCHIVE: Improved PHIS Task Distributor Comes Online!
        • ARCHIVE: Reflections on a Changing Paradigm: World Veterinary Day
        • ARCHIVE: FSIS at Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Conference
        • ARCHIVE: The Power of Alternative Dispute Resolution Programs: Resolving Workplace Conflicts Efficiently
        • ARCHIVE: Third FSIS International Meat, Poultry and Egg Products Inspection Seminar Held in Santiago, Chile
        • ARCHIVE: Supervisors Make All the Difference!
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month — Workplace Violence: Active Shooter
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month - Cyber Security for Remote Work
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month: Occupant Emergency Planning
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month: Emergency Alerts
        • ARCHIVE: Managing Heat Risk in Hot Weather
        • ARCHIVE: New Netflix Show Features USDA and FSIS
        • ARCHIVE: Thank You for Your Public Service
        • ARCHIVE: World Veterinary Day — Recognizing the Resilience of FSIS Veterinarians
        • ARCHIVE: Two Hero Inspectors Provide Potentially Life-Saving CPR to a Plant Employee
        • ARCHIVE: Hero Inspector Saves a Life While on the Road
        • ARCHIVE: Administrative Professionals Day — Thank You
        • ARCHIVE: Chief Information Security Officer Marvin Lykes Recognized for Operational Excellence
        • ARCHIVE: Alameda District Awards Petaluma Circuit Inspectors Recognition Coins
        • ARCHIVE: Collaborating in the Caribbean — Bringing Awareness About African Swine Fever
        • ARCHIVE: Dearborn, Mich., Circuit Inspectors Receive Collaborative Coins
        • ARCHIVE: Don’t Invite Foodborne Illness to the Party
        • ARCHIVE: Inspection for Ritual Meat and Poultry Slaughter
        • ARCHIVE: Thanksgiving Message from Leadership
        • ARCHIVE: Make a Difference for You and Your Colleagues – Respond to FEVS by Dec. 3
        • ARCHIVE: Federal State Audit Staff Twice Honored for Supporting Military Staff
        • ARCHIVE: Veterans Day Messages from FSIS Leadership
        • ARCHIVE: Food Inspector Apprenticeship Programs for Veterans
        • ARCHIVE: Helping Today’s Inspectors Be Tomorrow’s Leaders with Tuition Reimbursement
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month – Home Go Kits & Pets
        • ARCHIVE: Modernizing Egg Inspection
        • ARCHIVE: FSIS Recognized Twice for 2020 Food Safety Education Efforts
        • ARCHIVE: Four Steps to Good Mental Health
        • ARCHIVE: Building Relationships at Work
        • ARCHIVE: Honoring the Dedicated Public Servants of FSIS
        • ARCHIVE: Remembering Their Sacrifice: Jean Hillery, Tom Quadros and Bill Shaline
    • Professional Development Opportunities
    • Leave Share Programs
      • Leave Bank Program
      • Voluntary Leave Transfer Program
      • Emergency Leave Transfer Program
      • Frequently Asked Questions
    • Facilities and Services
    • Employee Bargaining
    • Civil Rights

Food Safety and Inspection Service

  • About FSIS
  • Contact Us
  • Careers
  • News & Events
  • Employees
  • Food Safety
  • Science & Data
  • Policy
  • Inspection
  • Recalls
  • Search
  • Full Menu
ALERT: Fijian Import & Export Co. Inc. Recalls… See more details
Page Hero
  • Science & Data
    • Research Priorities
      • FSIS/ORISE Food Safety Fellowship Program
        • Aaron Dudley
        • Lauren Lee
        • Sharon Nieves-Miranda
        • Yesutor Soku
        • Ali Strickland
    • Data Sets & Visualizations
      • Microbiology
        • Baseline Microbiology Data Reports
        • Microbiological Testing Program for RTE Meat and Poultry Products
        • Microbiological Testing Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
        • Salmonella Verification Testing Program Monthly Posting
      • Chemical Residues and Contaminants
      • Humane Handling Data
      • Laboratory Sampling Data
        • Egg Product Testing, Years 1995-2017
      • Inspection Task Data
    • Developer Resources
      • Recall API
    • Scientific Reports
      • Public Health Regulations (PHR)
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2025
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2024
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2023
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2022
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2021
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2020
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2019
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2018
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2017
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2016
      • Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC)
    • Laboratories & Procedures
      • Accredited Laboratory Program
        • Key Facts: ISO Accreditation
      • FSIS Laboratories
        • Requesting Bacterial Isolates from FSIS
    • Risk Assessments
    • Sampling Program
      • Raw Pork Products Exploratory Sampling Program
      • Sampling Results for FSIS Regulated Products
    • National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)
    • Journal Publications
Subscribe for Updates
Ask FSIS

askFSIS

Find answers to questions on inspection-related policies, programs, systems, and procedures.
Find An Answer

Journal Publications

Scientific Literature

Below are citations to scientific literature organized by year. Some of these citations include a link to the article. You will be leaving the FSIS website when you follow some of these links.

Bakin, B. C, Stolte-Carroll, K., Sigman, J., Ritchie, S. M., Tillman, G. E. , Bilanovic, I., Kowalcyk, B. B., A Systematic Review on Preharvest Interventions Used to Control Salmonella in Poultry Rearing in the United States,
Journal of Food Protection, Volume 88, Issue 4, 2025, 100474,ISSN 0362-028X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100474. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000262)

Bosilevac, J.M., Katz, T.S., Manis, L.E., Rozier, L., Day, M. 2025. Using Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type III Secreted Effectors espK and espV as Markers to Reduce the Risk of Potentially Enterohemorrhagic Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Beef. Foods, 14, 382. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14030382

Stone, W. A., Whisenant, S. J., Gale, A., Tillman, G. E., Hardy, A., Schroeder, C. M., Doerscher, D. R., Microbiological Testing Results of Boneless and Ground Beef Purchased for the National School Lunch Program, School Years 2019—2022, Journal of Food Protection, 2025, 100469, ISSN 0362-028X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100469.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000213)

Williams, M.S., Ebel, E.D., Robertson-Hale, K., Shaw, S.L., Kissler, B.W., 2025. Differences in Salmonella Serotypes in Broiler Chickens Within and Between Slaughter Establishments in the United States, Journal of Food Protection, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100506
 

  • Huang, L., Ahmad, N. H., Juneja, V., Stapp-Kamotani, E., Gabiola, J., Minocha, U., Phillips, R., Hooker, M., Walls, I., Cook, K., Lindsay, J., 2024. Growth kinetics of Bacillus cytotoxicus in liquid egg yolk during treatment with phospholipase A2 - A one-step global dynamic analysis. Food Microbiology, 118, 104420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2023.104420
  • Luchansky, J. B., Barlow, K., Webb, B., Beczkiewicz, A., Merrill, B., Vinyard, B. T., Shane, L. E., Shoyer, B. A., Osoria, M., Campano, S. G., Porto-Fett, A. C.S., 2024. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. During Cooking of Country Ham and Fate of L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus During Storage of Country Ham Slices. Journal of Food Protection 87, 100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100222
  • Lupton, S. J., Ochoa, C., Domesle, A. & Duverna, R. (2024) Dietary exposure levels to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls in US meat, poultry and siluriform fish from 2018 to 2019, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2306924  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19440049.2024.2306924
  • Powell, M. R. and Williams, M. S. 2024. Trends in Salmonella Infantis human illness incidence and chicken carcass prevalence in the United States; 1996–2019. Risk Analysis, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.14311
  • Richards, A. K., Siceloff, A. T., Simmons, M., Tillman, G. E., Shariat, N. W., 2024. Poultry Processing Interventions Reduce Salmonella Serovar Complexity on Postchill Young Chicken Carcasses as Determined by Deep Serotyping. Journal of Food Protection, 87, 100208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100208
  • Soku, Y. K., Mohamed, A., Samuel, T., Dessai, U., Walls, I., Rockwell, C., Fortenberry, G., Berutti, T., Nieves-Miranda, S., Nawrocki, E. M., Fu, Y., Dudley, E., Mamber, S. W., Hicks, J., 2024. A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Channel Catfish and Related Freshwater Fish Species, Journal of Food Protection, 87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100192.
  • Weyrauch, K., Duverna, R., Sisco, P. N., Domesle, A., Bilanovic, I., 2024. A survey of the levels of selected metals in U.S. meat, poultry and Siluriformes fish samples taken at slaughter and retail, 2017-2022, Journal of Food Protection (2024), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100243.

  • Canning, M., Birhane, M. G., Dewey-Mattia, D., Lawinger, H., Cote, A., Gieraltowski, L., Schwensohn, C., Tagg, K. A., Francois Watkins, L. K., Robyn, M. P., Marshall, K. E., 2023. Salmonella outbreaks linked to beef, United States. J. Food Protection 86, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100071
  • Ford L., Buuck S., Eisenstein T., Cote, A., McCormic, Z. D., Kremer-Caldwell, S., Kissler, B., Forstner, M., Sorenson, A., Wise, M. E., Smith, K., Medus, C., Griffin, P. M., Robyn, M., 2023. Salmonella Outbreaks Associated with Not Ready-to-Eat Breaded, Stuffed Chicken Products — United States, 1998–2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:484–487. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7218a2.
  • Johnston, J. J., Ebel, E. D., Williams, M. S., Esteban, E., Lupton, S. J., Scholljegerdes, E. J., Ivey, S. L., Powell, M. R., & Smith, D. J. (2023). Blood-Based Ante-Mortem Method for Estimating PFOS in Beef from Contaminated Dairy Cattle. ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, 3(10), 835-844. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00102
  • Richards A. K., Siceloff A. T., Simmons M, Tillman G. E., Shariat N.W. 2023. Poultry processing interventions reduce Salmonella serovar complexity on post-chill young chicken carcasses as determined by deep serotyping. J Food Prot. 100208. doi: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100208. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X23068928

  • Ebel E., Kause J., Williams M., Schlosser W., Defibaugh-Chavez S., Tameru B. 2022. A quantitative risk metric to support individual sanitary measure reviews in international trade. International Journal of Food Microbiology 369, 109616.
  • Harrison, L., Tyson, G. H., Strain, E., Lindsey, R. L., Strockbine, N., Ceric, O., Fortenberry, G. Z., Harris, B., Shaw, S., Tillman, G., Zhao, S. and Dessai, U. 2022. Use of Large-Scale Genomics to Identify the Role of Animals and Foods as Potential Sources of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli That Cause Human Illness. Foods. 2022 Jul 3;11(13):1975. DOI: 10.3390/foods11131975.
  • Tate H, Hsu CH, Chen JC, Han J, Foley SL, Folster JP, Francois Watkins LK, Reynolds J, Tillman GE, Nyirabahizi E, Zhao S. 2022. Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Gene Profiles of Salmonella Serovar Kentucky Isolated from Humans, Food, and Animal Ceca Content Sources in the United States. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease,19(8):509-521. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/fpd.2022.0005
  • Williams M., Ebel E., Golden N., Saini G., Nyirabahizi E., Clinch, N. 2022. Assessing the effectiveness of performance standards for Salmonella contamination of chicken parts. International Journal of Food Microbiology 378, 109801.
  • Williams, M. S., & Ebel, E. D. (2022). Temporal changes in the proportion of Salmonella outbreaks associated with 12 food commodity groups in the United States. Epidemiology and Infection, 150, E126. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268822001042.

  • Bosilevac, J., Scott, M., Tankson, J. 2021. Assessing Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in FSIS Regulatory Pork Samples. IAFP. Volume 84, page 56.
  • Carter, J. M., Abdelmajid, N., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Kremer-Caldwell, S., Seys, S. A., Whitaker, R. 2021. Effects of Antimicrobial Interventions on Indicator Organisms during Beef Slaughter and Dressing. Journal of Food Protection. Volume 84, No. 4, 664-673. 
  • Chen, W., Levine, J. 2021. Salmonella Serotypes from FSIS Samples Linked to Outbreaks. IAFP. Volume 84, page 34.
  • Day, M., Hammons, S., Rozier, L., Scott, M., Tillman, G., Simmons, M., Shaw, W. 2021. Aligning Confirmation Criteria for E. coli O157:H7 and the "top-six" non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). IAFP. Volume 84, pages 59-60.
  • Domesle, A., Duverna, R., Ochoa, C. 2021. Monitoring Environmental Contaminants in Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products. IAFP. Volume 84, page 192.
  • Harrison, L., Mukherjee, S., Hsu, C-H, Young, S., Strain, E., Zhang, Q., Tillman, G. E., Morales, C., Haro, J. and Zhao, S. 2021. Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli. Front. Microbiol. 12:703890. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890/full
  • Kause, J., Ebel, E., Schlosser, W., Williams, M., Tameru, B., Defibaugh-Chavez, S. 2021. Developing a New Quantitative Risk Metric Tool to Support Individual Sanitary Measure Equivalence Reviews. IAFP. Volume 84, page 59.
  • Kremer-Caldwell, S., McMillan, S., Good, L. 2021. Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on Salmonella Percent Positive in Raw Poultry Slaughter Establishments. IAFP. Volume 84, page 54.
  • Lenov, I., Domesle, A., Esteban, E. 2021. Continued Monitoring of PFAS in U.S. Food Supply. IAFP. Volume 84, page 96.
  • Li, C., Tyson, G. H., Hsu, C.-H., Harrison, L., Strain, E., Tran, T.-T., Tillman, G. E., Dessai, U., McDermott, P. F. and Zhao, S. 2021. Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Evolution and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica. Front. Microbiol.
  • Mamber, S., Barlow, K., Collaro, T. 2021. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Occurrence in Raw Ground Beef Samples Collected at Retail. IAFP. Volume 84, page 113.
  • Mamber, S., Scott, M., Hammons, S. 2021. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Recovered from Verification Sampling of Raw Beef Products Collected by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. IAFP. Volume 84, page 196.
  • Rockwell, C., Dessai, U., Shaw, S., Fortenberry, G., Hendricks, K., Dunham, A., Whitaker, R., Berhanu, T., Ben-Ghaly, L., Taylor, T., Haro, J., Pretecrum, S. 2021. Salmonella Isolates and Antimicrobial-resistance Trends in FSIS Sampling for the National Antimicrobial-resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), 2014-2019. IAFP. Volume 84, page 197.
  • Schlosser, W., Saini, G., Duverna, R., Stapp-Kamotani, E., Despero, S. 2021. FSIS Siluriformes Sampling at Five Years. IAFP. Volume 84, page 195.
  • Simmons, M., Wasilenko, J., Ben-Ghaly, L., Manis, L., Shaw, W., Dessai, U., Fortenberry, G., Shawwa, S., Tillman, G. 2021. NARMS Expansion Project: Exploring Salmonella Isolates from Cattle Lymph Nodes in FSIS. IAFP. Volume 84, page 56.
  • Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J., Simmons, M., Beacorn, F., Ben-Ghaly, L., Shaw, W., McMillan, E., Frye, J., Tyson, G., Folster, J. 2021. Expansion of Salmonella Infantis pESI plasmid to Additional Salmonella Serotypes. IAFP. Volume 84, page 71.
  • Wasilenko, J., Simmons, M., Hammons, S., Scott, M., Day, M., Shaw, W., Tillman, G. 2021. Risk Ranking of FSIS Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Based on Virulence Genes. IAFP. Volume 84, page 59.
  • Williams, M. S., Ebel, E. D., and Nyirabahizj, E, 2021. Comparative history of Campylobacter contamination on chicken meat and campylobacteriosis cases in the United States: 1994-2018. International Journal of Food Microbiology 342, 109075.

  • Bernstein, C., Shumaker, E., Cates, S., Shelley, L., Goulter, R., Goodson, L., Kirchner, M., Sander., C., Jaykus, L., Chapman, B. 2020. Consumer Preparation and Thermometer Use for Cooking Not-Ready-to-Eat Frozen, Breaded Poultry Products and Vegetables: Findings from an Observational Study. IAFP. Volume 83, page 55.
  • Domesle, A., Esteban J., Lenov, I. 2020. Detection and Monitoring of 16 PFAS in Beef. IAFP. Volume 83, page 74.
  • Domesle, A., Ou, O., Johnston, J., Flynn, E., Sisco, P., Duverna, R. 2020. Monitoring and Evaluation of 18 Different Metals in U.S. Meat and Poultry. IAFP. Volume 83, page 73.
  • Duong, M., Shumaker, E. T., Cates, S. C., Shelley, L., Goodson, L., Bernstein, C., Lavallee, A., Kirchner, M., Goulter, R., Jaykus, L. A., Chapman, B. 2020. An Observational Study of Thermometer Use by Consumers When Preparing Ground Turkey Patties. Journal of Food Protection. Volume 83, Issue 7.
  • Ebel, E. D., Williams, M. S.,, Amann, D. M., 2020. Quantifying the effects of reducing sample size on 2-class attributes sampling plans: Implications for United States poultry performance standards. Food Control: Volume 111, May 2020, 107068
  • Hretz, S. 2020. Comparison in the Recovery of Campylobacter from Poultry Establishments Using Direct Plating Versus Enrichment Methodologies: Amplified Population or Expanded Population? IAFP. Volume 83, page 107.
  • Johnston, J., Duverna, R., Williams, M., Kishore, R., Yee, C., Jarosh, J. 2020. Investigating the Suitability of Semicarbazide as an Indicator of Preharvest Nitrofurazone Use in Raw Chicken. Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 83, No. 8, 2020, Pages 1368-1373.
  • Mamber, S., Mohr, T., Leathers, C., Mbandi, E., Bronstein, P. A., Barlow, K., Silverman, M., Aston, C., Izsak, Y., Saini, N.S., LaBarre, D., Minocha, U., Smedra, J., Levine, P., Kause, J. 2020. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-eat Meat and Poultry Product Verification Testing Samples from United States Department of Agriculture-regulated Producing Establishments, 2005-2017. Journal of Food Protection. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-010
  • McMillan, E. A., Wasilenko, J.L., Tagg, K. A., Chen, J. C., Simmons, M., Gupta, S. K., Tillman, G.E., Folster, J., Jackson, C. R. and Frye, J. G., 2020. Carriage and Gene Content Variability of the pESI-Like Plasmid Associated with Salmonella Infantis Recently Established in U.S. Poultry Production. Genes 2020, 11(12), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11121516
  • Pouillot R., Schlosser W., Van Doren J. M., Dennis S. B., and Kause J. R., 2020. Assessment of the risk of salmonellosis linked to the consumption of liquid egg products made from internally contaminated shell eggs initially stored at 65°F (18°C) compared with 45°F (7°C). Journal of Food Protection. Vol 83, Issue. 5. Model code.
  • Scott, M. E., Mbandi, E., Buchanan, S., Abdelmajid, N., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Robertson Hale, K., Jacobsen, L., Webb, J., Green, J., Dolan, P. 2020. Salmonella And Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli In Products Sampled In The Food Safety And Inspection Service Raw Pork Baseline Study. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 83, Issue 3.
  • Shaw, S. L., Esteban, J. E., Kissler, B. W., Freiman, J. L., Tillman, G. E. 2020. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing at the Food Safety and Inspection Service to Detect and Investigate Foodborne Illness Outbreaks. Food Protection Trends. Volume 40, No. 4, pages 268-270.
  • Simmons, M., Wasilenko, J., Maier, M., Douris, A., Battles, J., Minicozzi, J., Morales, C., Myers, M., Ben-Ghaly, L., Tillman, G. 2020. Inferred Salmonella enterica Serotype from Whole Genome Sequencing Data Using SeqSero2. IAFP. Volume 83, page 45.
  • Stapp-Kamotani, E., Golden, N., Carter, J., Lanier, W., Clinch, N., Izsak, Y. 2020. Salmonella and Campylobacter in Chicken Necks, Hearts, Gizzards, and Livers. IAFP. Volume 83, page 107.
  • Wang, Y., Hou, N., Johnston, J., Sarreal, C., Jarosh, J., Hughes, A.C., Gu, Y., He, X. 2020. Low prevalence of mobile colistin-resistance in U.S. meat, catfish, poultry and genomic characterization of a mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli strain. Food Control. Volume 118, 107434
  • Williams, M. S., Ebel, E. D., Saini, G., Nyirabahizi, E. 2020. Changes in Salmonella Contamination in Meat and Poultry Since the Introduction of the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Rule. Journal of Food Protection. 83 (10): 1707-1717. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-126
  • Zablotsky Kufel, J., Fields, R., Crockett, J., Gonzales, M., Catlin, M., Ronca, J., Derfler, P. 2020. Strategic Allocation of Sampling Resources at the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service. IAFP. Volume 83, page 42.

  • Abley, M., Jennings, A., Navin, J., Popoola, H., Schaffner, D. 2019. Home Delivery of Food: The Last Mile Is Not What It Used To Be. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 27.
  • Abdelmajid, N., Carter, M. J., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Seys, S., Whitaker, R., 2019. Effects of Interventions on Indicator Organism Levels in Beef Slaughter. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 48.
  • Abdelmajid, N., Buchanan, S., Dolan, P., Green, J., Scott, M., Webb, J. 2019. Food Safety and Inspection Service Nationwide Raw Pork Products Sampling Study. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 318.
  • Abley, M., Pointon, A., Rasmussen, M., Riess, B. 2019. Improving Postmortem Inspection of Beef for Human Health Protection. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 31.
  • Andress, E., Lavallee, A., Schaffner, D. 2019. Fact or Fiction: Combatting Consumer Perceptions of Food Safety Myths with Data; Presentation: Utilizing Consumer Handling Data on Poultry Washing and Thermometer Use to Develop Methods Address Myths. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 15.
  • Appelt, M., Cook, R., Rottenberg, C. 2019. Scientific Modernization of Meat Inspection - The International High Speed Train - Catch It or Get De-Railed. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 29-30.
  • Bauer, N., Golden, N., Schlosser, W., Schmidt, S., Stapp-Kamotani, E. 2019. Salmonella and Campylobacter in Religious-exempt and Low-volume Poultry Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 318.
  • Bearson B. L., Trachsel J.M., Holman D. B., Brunelle B. W., Sivasankaran S. K., Simmons M., Wasilenko J., Tillman G., Johnston J. J., Bearson S. M. D. (2019) Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- 2015 U.S. Pork Outbreak Isolate USDA15WA-1. Microbiology Resource Announcements. Vol 9, Iss 40. Pg 1-3.
  • Brown, E., Dessai, U., McGarry, S., Gerner-Smidt, P. 2019. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety and Public Health in the United States. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 16(7):441-450.
  • Castle, M., Esteban, J. E., Fikree, F., Hammack, T., In’T Veld, P., Krishna, B., Vergara Escobar, C. 2019. The Use of Rapid Microbial Methods by Government Agencies for “Official” Testing; Presentation: USDA FSIS Process to Accept the Use of Rapid Microbial Methods. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 14.
  • Chen, W. S., Levine, J. 2019. Correlating Salmonella Isolates: Multi-drug Resistance and Serotype Concordance between CDC PulseNet Illness Clusters and FSIS-regulated Establishment Samples. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 94.
  • Christophe, N., Conrad, A., Donovan, D., Freiman, J., Hamdani, S., Haro, J., Heines, V., Minocha, U., Rue, B., Simmons, M., Silverman, M., Scott, M., Tillman, G., Webb, B. 2019. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiologic, and Traceback Data to Link a Multistate Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak to Ready-to-Eat Pork Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 133.
  • Clark, C., Crews, M. K., Hretz S., Izsak, Y., Minocha, U., Seys, S., Silverman, M., Simmons, M., Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J. 2019. Frequency of Multi-Locus Sequence Types in FSIS-regulated Ready-to-Eat Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 138.
  • Danielle M. Tack, DVM1; Ellyn P. Marder, MPH1; Patricia M. Griffin, MD1; Paul R. Cieslak, MD2; John Dunn, DVM3; Sharon Hurd, MPH4; Elaine Scallan, PhD5; Sarah Lathrop, PhD6; Alison Muse, MPH7; Patricia Ryan, MD8; Kirk Smith, DVM9; Melissa Tobin-D’Angelo, MD10; Duc J. Vugia, MD11; Kristin G. Holt, DVM12; Beverly J. Wolpert, PhD13; Robert Tauxe, MD1; Aimee L. Geissler, 2019. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2015-2018, MMWR Weekly/April 26, 2019 / 68(16);369-373
  • Den Besten, H., Duqué, B., Williams, M. 2019. Challenges in Campylobacter Detection and Control. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 17.
  • Donaghy, J., Scott, J., Ward-Gokhale, L. 2019. Seek and You Shall Find: The Intricacies of a Robust Listeria Environmental Monitoring Plan. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 7.
  • Duverna, R., Jarosh, J., Johnston, J., Kishore, R., Yee, C. 2019. Investigation into the Detection of Semicarbzide, a Nitrofurazone Indicator, in Chicken. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 172.
  • Ebel, E.D., Williams, M. S., Ward-Grokhale, L. A., Kisselburgh, H. M. 2019. Assessing the maximum size of annual foodborne outbreaks in the United States: An analysis of 1973-2016 outbreaks. Microbial Risk Analysis Volume 12, Pages 20-26
  • Ebel, E. D., Williams, M. S., Tameru, B. 2019. Relatedness of Salmonella contamination frequency on chicken carcass and parts samples when processed in the same establishment. Food Control 100:198-203.
  • Fasano, J., Mozdziak, P., Wagner, R. 2019. Is Cell-Cultured Meat Really Meat? Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 10.
  • Feldgarden M, Brover V, Haft DH, Prasad AB, Slotta DJ, Tolstoy I, Tyson GH, Zhao S, Hsu CH, McDermott PF, Tadesse DA, Morales C, Simmons M, Tillman G, Wasilenko J, Folster JP, Klimke W (2019) Validating the AMRFinder Tool and Resistance Gene Database by Using Antimicrobial Resistance Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in a Collection of Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Oct 22;63(11)
  • Gieraltowski, L., Harvey, E., Jones, J., Laksanalamai, P., Noveroske, D., Sréterné Lancz, Z., Whitney, B. 2019. Foodborne Disease Outbreak Update. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 19.
  • Glass, K., Hammons, S., Marks, B. 2019. Science and Regulatory Guidance Update: Lethality and Stabilization of Meat and Poultry Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 10.
  • Hassan, R., Buuck, S., Noveroske, D., Medus, C., Sorenson, A., Laurent, J., Rotstein, D., Schlater, L., Freiman, J., Douris, A., Simmons, M., Donovan, D., Henderson, J., Tewell, M., Snyder, K., Oni, O., Von Stein, D., Dassie, K., Leeper, M., Adediran, A., Dowell, N., Gieraltowski, L., Basler, C., Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Raw Turkey Products — United States, 2017-2019. Weekly / November 22, 2019 / 68(46);1045-1049 Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Linked to Raw Turkey Products — United States, 2017-2019 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
  • Hinton, A., Gamble, G., Berrang, M., Buhr, J., and Johnston, J. (2019) Development of Neutralizing Buffered Peptone Water for Salmonella Verification Testing in Commercial Poultry Processing Facilities. J Bacteriol Parasitol, Vol.10 Iss.3 No:359
  • Hretz, S., Schmelik-Sandage, C., Szymanski, C. 2019. Poultry Vaccines: What is working, what are the gaps, and what is on the horizon? Presentation: When the Vaccine is Also the Target Pathogen: Lessons Learned. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 15.
  • Juneja, V.K., Golden, C. E., Mishra, A., Harrison, M. A., Mohr, T., Silverman, M. 2019. Predictive model for growth of Bacillus cereus during cooling of cooked rice. Int J Food Microbiol 290:49-58.
  • Juneja, V. K., Golden, C. E., Mishra, A., Harrison, M. A., Mohr, T. B. 2019. Predictive model for growth of Bacillus cereus at temperatures applicable to cooling of cooked pasta. J Food Science 84(3):590-598.
  • Kawakami, V., Bottichio, L., Lloyd, J., Carleton, H., Olson, M., Li, Z., Kissler, B., Angelo, K., Whitlock, L., Sinatra, J., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Bicknese, A., Kay, M., Wise, M., Basler, C., Duchin, J. 2019. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Infantis Infections Linked to Whole Roasted Pigs from a Single Slaughter and Processing Facility. Journal of Food Protection. 82(9):1615-1624.
  • McMillan E. A., Gupta S. K., Williams L. E., Jové T, Hiott LM, Woodley T. A., Barrett JB, Jackson CR, Wasilenko J. L., Simmons M, Tillman G. E., McClelland M, Frye J. G. (2019) Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Cassettes, and Plasmids Present in Salmonella enterica Associated With United States Food Animals. Front Microbiol. Apr 17;10:832
  • Minocha, U., Jennifer Freiman, Jovita Haro, Glenn Tillman, Mustafa Simmons, Meryl Silverman, Maria Scott, Brad Webb, Amanda Conrad, Danielle Donovan, Vivienne Heines, Brenda Rue, Natalie Christopher, and Sakina Hamdani,. 2019. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiologic, and Traceback Data to Link a Multistate Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak to Ready-to-Eat Pork Products.
  • National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (2019) “Response to questions posed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service regarding Salmonella control strategies in poultry,” Journal of Food Protection, Vol 82(4), pp 645-668.
  • National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (2019) “Response to questions posed by the Food and Drug Administration regarding virulence factors and attributes that define foodborne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as severe human pathogens,” Journal of Food Protection, Vol 82(5), pp 724-767.
  • Scott, M., Stephanie Buchanan, Naser Abdelmajid, Jennifer Webb, Jennifer Green and Paul Dolan, 2019. Food Safety and Inspection Service Nationwide Raw Pork Products Sampling Study.
  • Shaw, W., Esteban, J. E. 2019. Evaluation of Commercial Molecular Screening Platforms for the Detection of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens by Food Safety and Inspection Service Field Service Laboratories. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 49.
  • Siemens, A., Ebel, E., Steven Ricke, S. 2019. Challenges and Promises of Using Quantitative Data for Controlling Salmonella in Poultry. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 19.
  • White, P., Green, A., Holt, K.G., Robertson Hale, K. 2019. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Serovar 4,[5],12:i:- Isolates Recovered from Food Safety and Inspection Service-Regulated Products and Food Animal Ceca, 2007-2016. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 16(10):679-686.
  • Williams, M. S., Ebel, E. D., Golden, N. J. 2019. Revising a constrained 2-class attributes sampling plan when laboratory methods are changed. Microbial Risk Analysis. (in press).
  • Zhao S, Mukherjee S, Hsu C.-H., Young S, Li C, Tate H, Morales C. A., Haro J, Thitaram S, Tillman G. E., Dessai U, McDermott P (2019) Genomic Analysis of Emerging Florfenicol-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from the Cecal Contents of Cattle in the United States. mSphere. Jun 26;4(3)

     

  • Berrang, Mark; Gamble, Gary; Hinton, Jr., Arthur; Johnston, John. 2018. Neutralization of residual antimicrobial processing chemicals in broiler carcass rinse for improved detection of Campylobacter. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 27: 299-303.
  • Brown L.G., Hoover E.R., Faw B.V., Hedeen N.K., Nicholas D., Wong M.R., Shepherd C., Gallagher D.L., Kause J.R. 2018. Food safety practices linked with proper refrigerator temperatures in retail delis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 15(5):300- 307.
  • Brown AC, Chen JC, Watkins LKF, Campbell D, Folster JP, Tate H, Wasilenko J, Van Tubbergen C, Friedman CR (2018) CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Infantis, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. Dec;24(12):2284-2291
  • Green, A., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Douris, A., Vetter, D., Atkinson, R., Kissler, B., Khroustalev, A., Robertson Hale, K., Sharma, S., Becker, K., Dessai, U., Antoine, N., Allen, L., Holt, K., Gieraltowski, L., Wise, M., Schwensohn, C., Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Salmonella Heidelberg Investigation Team. 2018. Intensified Sampling in Response to a Salmonella Heidelberg Outbreak Associated with Multiple Establishments Within a Single Poultry Corporation. Foodborne Pathog Dis 15(3):153-160.
  • Humayoun, S.B; Hiott, L.M; Sushim; Gupta, S.K.; Barrett, J.B.; Woodley, T.A.; Johnston, J.J.; Jackson, C.R.; Frye, J. (2018) An assay for determining the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to commercial and household biocides PLOS ONE. December 20. 2018. 13(12) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209072
  • Juneja, V.K., Mohr, T.B., Silverman, M., Snyder, O.P. Jr. 2018. Influence of cooling rate on growth of Bacillus cereus from spore inocula in cooked rice, beans, pasta, and combination products containing meat or poultry. Journal of Food Protect 81(3):430-436.
  • Juneja, V.K., Friedman, M., Mohr, T.B., Silverman, M., Mukhopadhyay, S. 2018. Control of Bacillus cereus spore germination and outgrowth in cooked rice during chilling by nonorganic and organic apple, orange, and potato peel powders. J Food Process Preserv 42(3):e13558.
  • Lanier, W.A., Robertson Hale, K., Geissler, A.L., Dewey-Mattia, D. 2018. Chicken Liver–Associated Outbreaks of Campylobacteriosis and Salmonellosis, United States, 2000–2016—Identifying Opportunities for Prevention. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 15(11):726–733.
  • Mamber, S.W., Mohr, T., Leathers, C., Mbandi, E., Bronstein, P., Barlow, K. 2018. Occurrence of Salmonella in ready-to-eat meat and poultry product samples from U.S. Department of Agriculture-regulated producing establishments. I. Results from the ALLRTE and RTE001 random and risk-based sampling projects, from 2005 to 2012. Journal of Food Protect 81(10):1729-1736.
  • Mamber, S.W., Mohr, T., Barlow, K., Bronstein, P.A., Leathers, C., Clinch, N. 2018. Occurrence of Salmonella in ready-to-eat meat and poultry product samples from U.S. Department of Agriculture-regulated producing establishments. II. Salmonella in ready-to-eat pork barbecue Products, from 2005 to 2012. Journal of Food Protect 81(10):1737-1742.
  • NACMCF Executive Secretariat. 2018. Response to questions posed by the Department of Defense regarding microbiological criteria as indicators of process control or insanitary conditions. Journal of Food Protect 81(1):115-141.
  • Powell, M.R., Crim, S.M., Hoekstra, R.M., Williams, M.S., Gu, W. 2018. Temporal patterns in principal Salmonella serotypes in the United States; 1996-2014. Epidemiology and Infection 146:437-441.
  • Tyson, G.H., Sabo, J.L., Hoffmann, M., Hsu, C.H., Mukherjee, S., Hernandez, J., Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J.L., Haro J., Simmons, M., Egbe, W.W., White, P.L., Dessai, U., P.F. Mcdermott. 2018. Novel linezolid resistance plasmids in Enterococcus from food animals in the USA. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73(12):3254–3258.
  • Tyson, G.H., Bodeis-Jones, S., Caidi., Cook, K., Dessai, U., Haro J., McCullough, A.E., Meng J., Morales, C.A., Lawrence, J.P., Tillman G.E., Winslow, A., Miller, R.A. 2018. Proposed Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, and Colistin in Salmonella. Foodborne Pathog Dis 15(11):701-704.
  • Williams, M.S., Ebel, E.D., Hretz, S. A., Golden, N.J. 2018. Adoption of neutralizing buffered peptone water coincides with changes in apparent prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter of broiler rinse samples. Journal of Food Protect 81(11):1851-1863.
  • Williams, M.S., Ebel, E.D., Golden, N.J. 2018. Updating a 2-class attributes sampling plan to account for changes in laboratory methods. International Journal of Food Microbiology 282:24-27.

  • Bourassa, D., Wilson, K., Bartenfeld, L., Harris, C., Howard, A., Ingram, K., Hinton, A. Jr., Adams, E., Berrang, M., Feldner, P., Gamble, G., Frye, J., Jackson, C., Johnston, J., Buhr, R. 2017. Carcass orientation and drip time affect potential surface water carryover for broiler carcasses subjected to a post-chill water dip or spray. J Poultry Sci 96(1):241-245.
  • Crowe, S., Green, A., Hernandez, K., Peralta, V., Bottichio, L., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Douris, A., Gieraltowski, L., Hise, K., La-Pham, K., Neil, K., Simmons, M., Tillman, G., Tolar, B., Wagner, D., Wasilenko, J., Holt, K., Trees, E., Wise, M. 2017. Utility of combining whole genome sequencing with traditional investigational methods to solve foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with chicken: a new tool for tackling this challenging food vehicle. Journal of Food Protect 80(4):654-60.
  • Ebel, E., Williams, M., Schlosser, W. 2017. Estimating the Type II error of detecting changes in foodborne illnesses via public health surveillance. Microbial Risk Analysis. 7:1-7.
  • Gamble, G., Berrang, M., Buhr, R., Hinton, A. Jr., Bourassa, D., Ingram, K., Adams, E., Feldner, P., Johnston, J. 2017. Neutralization of Bactericidal Activity Related to Antimicrobial Carryover in Broiler Carcass Rinse Samples. Journal of Food Protect 80(4):685-691.
  • Karp, B., Tate, H., Plumblee, J., Dessai, U., Whichard, J., Thacker, E., Robertson Hale, K., Wilson, W., Friedman, C., Griffin, P., McDermott, P. 2017. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: Two decades of advancing public health through integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Foodborne Pathog Dis 14(10):545-557.
  • Kathariou, S., Evans, P., and Dutta, V. 2017. Strain-specific virulence difference in Listeria monocytogenes: current perspective in addressing an old and vexing issue. Foodborne Pathogens: Virulence Factors and Host Susceptibility, Springer, 61-91.
  • Kause J., Gallagher D., Engeljohn, D. 2017. Science to support the prevention of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Foodborne Pathogens. Food Microbiology and Food Safety. Springer.
  • Lambert, D., Pightling, A., Griffiths, E., Van Domselaar, G., Evans, P., Berthelet, S., Craig, D., Chandry, P., Stones, R., Brinkman, F., Angers-Loustau, A., Kreysa, J., Tong, W., Blais, B. 2017. Baseline practices for the application of genomic data supporting regulatory food safety. J AOAC Int 100(3):721-731.
  • Luchansky, J., Chen, Y., Porto-Fett, A.C.S., Pouillot, R., Shoyer, B., Johnson-DeRycke, R., Eblen, D., Hoelzer, K., Shaw, W. Jr, van Doren, J., Catlin, M., Lee, J., Tikekar, R., Gallagher, D., Lindsay, J., Listeria Market Basket Survey Multi-Institutional Team, Dennis, S. 2017. Survey for Listeria monocytogenes in and on ready-to-eat foods from retail establishments in the United States (2010 through 2013): assessing potential changes of pathogen prevalence and levels in a decade. Journal of Food Protect 80(6):903-921.
  • Marder, E., Cieslak, P., Cronquist, A., Dunn, J., Lathrop, S., Rabatsky-Ehr, T., Ryan, P., Smith, K., Tobin-D’Angelo, M., Vugia, D., Zansky, S., Holt, K., Wolpert, B., Lynch, M., Tauxe, R., Geissler, A. 2017. Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food and the Effect of Increasing Use of Culture-Independent Diagnostic Tests on Surveillance - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites , 2013-2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 66(15):397-403.
  • Self, J., Luna-Gierke, R., Fothergill, A., Holt, K., Vieira, A. 2017. Outbreaks attributed to pork in the United States, 1998-2015. Epidemiology and Infection 145(14):2980-2990.
  • Tate, H., Folster, J., Hsu, C., Chen, J., Hoffmann, M., Li, C., Morales, C., Tyson, G., Mukherjee, S., Brown, A., Green, A., Wilson, W., Dessai, U., Abbott, J., Joseph, L., Haro, J., Ayers, S., McDermott, P., Zhao, S. 2017. Comparative analysis of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase CTX-M-65-producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis isolates from humans, food animals, and retail chickens in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(7).
  • Timme, R., Rand, H., Shumway, M., Trees, E., Simmons, M., Agarwala, R., Davis, S., Tillman, G., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Carleton, H., Klimke, W., Katz, L. 2017. Benchmark datasets for phylogenomic pipeline validation, applications for foodborne pathogen surveillance. Peer J - Life & Environ, Bioinformatics and Genomics Section 5:e3893.
  • Tyson, G., Tate, H., Zhao, S., Li, C., Dessai, U., Simmons, M., McDermott, P. 2017. Identification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella Isolated from swine ceca and retail pork chops in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(10).
  • Williams, M., Ebel, E., Golden, N. 2017. Using Indicator Organisms in Performance Standards for Reducing Pathogen Occurrence on Beef Carcasses in the United States. Microbial Risk Analysis. 6:44-56
  • Williams, M., Ebel, E. 2017. Estimating correlation of prevalence at two locations in the farm-to-table continuum using qualitative test data. International Journal of Food Microbiology 245:29-37.

  • Ebel, E., Williams, M., Golden, N., Schlosser, W., Travis, C. 2016. Time valuation of historical outbreak attribution data. Epidemiology and Infection 144(2):396-407.
  • Ebel, E., Williams, M., Cole, D., Travis, C., Klontz, K., Golden, N., Hoekstra, R. 2016. Comparing disease characteristics of sporadic and outbreak foodborne illnesses. Emerging Infectious Diseases 22(7):1193-1200.
  • Ebel, E., Williams, M., Golden, N., Tankson, J. 2016. Bayesian techniques for comparison of the test performance of PCR and culture for the identification of Campylobacter in enriched comminuted chicken samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology 120:1418-1426.
  • Gallagher, D., Pouillot, R., Hoelzer, K., Tang, J., Dennis, S., & Kause, J. 2016. Listeria monocytogenes in retail delicatessens: An interagency risk assessment—risk mitigations. Journal of Food Protect 79(7):1076-1088.
  • Gamble, G., Berrang, M., Buhr, R., Hinton, A. Jr., Bourassa, D., Johnston, J., Ingram, K., Adams, E., Feldner, P. 2016. Effect of Simulated Sanitizer Carry-Over on Recovery of Salmonella from Broiler Carcass Rinsates. Journal of Food Protect 79(5):710-714.
  • Gieraltowski, L., Higa, J., Peralta, V., Green, A., Schwensohn, C., Rosen, H., Libby, T., Kissler, B., Marsden-Haug, N., Booth, H., Kimura, A., Grass, J., Bicknese, A., Salmonella Heidelberg Investigation Team. 2016. National Outbreak of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to a Single Poultry Company. PLOS ONE 11(9): e0162369.
  • Jackson, B., Tarr, C., Strain, E., Jackson, K., Conrad, A., Carleton, H., Katz, L., Stroika, S., Gould, L., Mody, R., Silk, B., Beal, J., Chen, Y., Timme, R., Doyle, M., Fields, A., Wise, M., Tillman, G., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Kucerova, Z., Sabol, A., Roache, K., Trees, E., Simmons, M., Wasilenko, J., Kubota, K., Pouseele, H., Klimke, W., Besser, J., Brown, E., Allard, M., Gerner-Smidt, P. 2016. Implementation of nationwide real-time whole-genome sequencing to enhance listeriosis outbreak detection and investigation. Clin Infect Dis 63(3):380-386.
  • Linville, J., Schumann, D., Aston, C., Defibaugh-Chavez, S., Seebohm, S., Touhey, L. 2016. Using a six sigma fishbone analysis approach to evaluate the effect of extreme weather events on Salmonella positives in young chicken slaughter establishments. Journal of Food Protect 79(12):2048-2057.
  • Lukicheva, N. Ebel, E., Williams, M., Schlosser, W. 2016. Characterizing the concentration of pathogen occurrence across meat and poultry industries. Microbial Risk Analysis. 4:29-35.
  • NACMCF Executive Secretariat. 2016. Control Strategies for Reducing Foodborne Norovirus Infections. Journal of Food Protect 79(5):843-889
  • Robertson Hale, K., Green, A., Allen, L., Ihry, T., White, P., Chen, W., Douris, A., Levine, J. 2016. Foodborne Outbreaks Reported to the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service, Fiscal Years 2007 through 2012. Journal of Food Protect 79(3):442-447.

  • Ebel, E., Williams, M., Golden, N., Schlosser, W., Travis, C. 2015. Time value of historical outbreak attribution data. Epidemiology and Infection 144(2):396-407.
  • Ebel, E., Williams, M. 2015. When are qualitative testing results sufficient to predict a reduction in illnesses in a microbiological food-safety risk assessment? Journal of Food Protection 78:1451-1460.
  • Hsi, D., Ebel. E., Williams, M., Golden, N., Schlosser, W. 2015. Comparing foodborne illness risks among meat commodities in the United States. Food Control 54:353-359.
  • Lehotay, S., Sapozhnikova, Y., Han, L., Johnston, J. 2015. Analysis of nitrosamines in cooked bacon by QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry with backflushing. J Agric Food Chem 63: 10341-10351.
  • Lindsey, R., Fedorka-Cray, P., Abley, M., Turpin, J., Meinersmann, R. 2015. Evaluating the occurrence of Escherichia albertii in chicken carcass rinses by PCR, Vitek analysis, and sequencing of the rpoB gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(5):1727–1734.
  • Lupton, S., Dearfield, K., Johnston, J., Wagner, S., Huwe, J. 2015. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) plasma half-life determination and long-term tissue distribution in beef cattle (Bos taurus). J Agric Food Chem 63(51):10988-10994.
  • Mohr, T., Juneja, V., Thippareddi, H., Schaffner, D., Bronstein, P., Silverman, M., Cook, L. Jr. 2015. Assessing the performance of Clostridium perfringens cooling models for cooked, uncured meat and poultry products. Journal of Food Protect 78(8):1512-1526.
  • Pouillot, R., Gallagher, D., Tang, J., Hoelzer, K., Kause, J., and Dennis, S. 2015. Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Delicatessens: an Interagency Risk Assessment – Model and Baseline Results. Journal of Food Protection 78(1): 134-145.
  • Williams, M., Ebel. E., Allender, H. 2015. Industry-level changes in microbial contamination on market hog and broiler chicken carcasses between two locations in the slaughter process. Food Control 51:361-370.
  • Williams, M., Golden, N., Ebel. E., Crarey, E., Tate, H. 2015. Temporal patterns of Campylobacter contamination on chicken and their relationship to campylobacteriosis cases in the United States. International Journal of Food Microbiology 208:114-121.

Related Resources

Food safety journal covers

Journal Publications

FSIS research and findings are published in peer-reviewed journals.
Learn More
Import inspector at work

Quarterly Enforcement Reports

Review the enforcement actions FSIS has taken to ensure that consumers have access to safe, wholesome and properly labeled products.
Learn More
Woman inspects pork as it goes through processing

Humane Handling Enforcement

Contains official notifications of enforcement actions and restarts when the establishment has demonstrated regulatory compliance.
Learn More
Last Updated: Apr 14, 2025
  • USDA.gov
  • USA.gov
  • Whitehouse.gov
  • About Us
  • Our Performance
  • Information Quality & Publishing Schedule
  • Visit OIG
  • FOIA
  • Accessibility Statement
  • Privacy Policy
  • Non-Discrimination Statement
  • Plain Writing
  • No FEAR
  • Report Fraud, Waste, and Abuse
  • Significant Guidance
  • Vulnerability Disclosure Policy
  • Whistleblower Protection Coordinator

Food Safety and Inspection Service

  • Pinterest
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • GovDelivery
  • Instagram
  • Flickr
  • YouTube
  • Linked In
  • RSS
.

Start your search

Popular Topics

Recalls Import & Export FSIS Directives FSIS Guidelines Petitions