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  • Food Safety
    • Recalls & Public Health Alerts
      • Report a Problem with Food
        • Additional Recalls
      • Annual Recall Summaries
        • Summary of Recall and PHA Cases in Calendar Year 2023
        • Summary of Recall and PHA Cases in Calendar Year 2022
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2021
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2020
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2019
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2018
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2017
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2016
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2015
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2014
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2013
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2012
    • Food Safety Stats
      • Consumer Research
    • Foodborne Illness and Disease
      • Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Alimentos y Otras Enfermedades
      • Illnesses and Pathogens
        • Botulism
          • Clostridium botulinum y El Botulismo
        • Campylobacter
          • Campylobacter En Español
        • E. coli
        • Listeria
        • Parasites and Foodborne Illness
          • Parásitos y Enfermedades Transmitidas Por los Alimentos
        • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre Listeria
        • Salmonella
          • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre Salmonella
      • Resources for Public Health Partners
        • State Departments of Public Health
      • Outbreaks
        • Outbreak Investigations: Prevention
        • Outbreak Investigations: Response
    • Safe Food Handling and Preparation
      • Food Safety Basics
        • Additives in Meat and Poultry Products
        • Aditivos en Productos Cárnicos y Avícolas
        • Agua en Carnes y Aves
        • Ahumar Carnes y Aves
        • Air Fryers and Food Safety
        • Alergias Alimentarias: Los “9 Grandes”
        • Appliance Thermometers
        • Asar a la parrilla y seguridad alimentaria
        • Cleanliness Helps Prevent Foodborne Illness
        • Cocción Versus Seguridad
        • Cocinar en Hornos Microondas
        • Cooking for Groups
        • Cooking with Microwave Ovens
        • Cutting Boards
        • Cómo Encontrar el Número de Establecimiento del USDA (EST) en el Empaque de Alimentos
        • Cómo las Temperaturas Afectan a los Alimentos
        • Danger Zone 40F - 140F
        • Deep Fat Frying
        • Doneness Versus Safety
        • El Color de la Carne y Las Aves
        • El Gran Deshielo: Métodos Seguros para Descongelar
        • El Manejo Adecuado de los Alimentos Pedidos Por Correo
        • Entendiendo las Retiradas de Alimentos del Mercado del FSIS
        • Fechas en Productos Alimenticios
        • Food Allergies: The “Big 9”
        • Food Thermometers
        • Freidoras de Aire y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Freír en Grasa y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Glosario de Términos de Empaque
        • Glossary of Packaging Terms
        • Grilling Food Safely
        • Grilling and Food Safety
        • Guía del Consumidor Sobre Inocuidad Alimentaria: Tormentas y Huracanes Severos
        • High Altitude Cooking
        • Hongos en los Alimentos: ¿Son Peligrosos?
        • How Temperatures Affect Food
        • How to Find the USDA Establishment Number
        • Importación de Productos Cárnicos, Avícolas y Ovoproductos a Estados Unidos
        • Importing Meat, Poultry & Egg Products US
        • Irradiation and Food Safety FAQ
        • Keeping "Bag" Lunches Safe
        • Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency
        • La Cocción En Elevaciones Altas
        • La Congelación Y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • La Limpieza Ayuda a Prevenir Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Los Alimentos
        • Las Ollas de Cocción Lenta y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Las Sobras de Comida e Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Lavado de Alimentos: ¿Promueve la Inocuidad Alimentaria?
        • Mail Order Food Safety
        • Manipulación Adecuada de Alimentos Para Llevar
        • Mantenga los Alimentos Seguros - Conceptos Básicos de Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Manteniendo Seguros Los Almuerzos En "Bolsas"
        • Materiales de Empaque para Carnes y Aves
        • Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms
        • Meat and Poultry Packaging Materials
        • Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous?
        • Natural Flavors on Meat and Poultry Labels
        • Preguntas Frecuentes Sobre Irradiación y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Preguntas y Respuestas Sobre la Seguridad Alimentaria Durante un Tailgate
        • Sabores Naturales de Carnes y Aves en las Etiquetas
        • Safe Handling of Take-Out Foods
        • Seguridad Alimentaria Durante Caminatas, Campamentos y Paseos en Bote
        • Seguridad Alimentaria de Comida No Perecedera
        • Slow Cookers and Food Safety
        • Smoking Meat and Poultry
        • Tabla de Temperatura Interna Mínima Segura
        • Tablas de Cortar
        • Tailgating Food Safety Q & A
        • Termómetros para Alimentos
        • Termómetros para Electrodomésticos
        • Términos de Etiquetado de Carnes y Aves
        • Understanding FSIS Food Recalls
        • Voluntarios Sobre la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Water in Meat & Poultry
        • Zona de Peligro (40 F - 140 F)
        • Food Product Dating
        • Freezing and Food Safety
        • Leftovers and Food Safety
        • Refrigeration
          • La Refrigeración y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Safe Temperature Chart
        • Shelf-Stable Food
        • The Big Thaw — Safe Defrosting Methods
        • The Color of Meat and Poultry
        • Washing Food: Does it Promote Food Safety?
        • Food Safety While Hiking, Camping & Boating
      • Meat & Catfish
        • Bacon and Food Safety
        • Bagre de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Beef From Farm To Table
        • Bison from Farm to Table
        • Bisonte de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Cabra de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne Seca y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Carne de Cerdo Fresca de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de Res de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de Ternera de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Carne de res ablandada mecánicamente
        • Carne en Conserva y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Catfish from Farm to Table
        • Color de la Carne Molida Cocida en Relación Con El Grado De Cocción
        • Color of Cooked Ground Beef as It Relates to Doneness
        • Conejo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Cordero de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Corned Beef
        • Cuando se Asan “Otras” Carnes para las Fiestas
        • Door-to-Door Meat Sales
        • El Jamón y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • El Tocino y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Fresh Pork from Farm to Table
        • Goat from Farm to Table
        • Ground Beef and Food Safety
        • Hams and Food Safety
        • Hot Dogs & Food Safety
        • Jerky
        • La Carne Molida y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Lamb From Farm to Table
        • Las Salchichas “hot dogs” y la Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Los Embutidos y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Mechanically Tenderized Beef
        • Rabbit From Farm to Table
        • Roasting Those "Other" Holiday Meats
        • Sausages and Food Safety
        • Veal from Farm to Table
        • Venta de Carne a Domicilio
        • Yersiniosis and Chitterlings Tips
        • Yersiniosis y los Chinchulines (Tripas): Consejos Para Protegerlo de Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Alimentos
      • Poultry
        • Happy Thanksgiving!
        • Amarras para las Aves y Otros Accesorios
        • Aves: Baños en Solución, Salmueras y Marinadas
        • Chicken From Farm to Table
        • Chicken Liver
        • Duck and Goose from Farm to Table
        • El Relleno y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Hablemos Sobre el Pavo: Una Guía Para el Consumidor Sobre Cómo Asar un Pavo de Forma Segura
        • Hock Locks and Other Accoutrements
        • Is Pink Turkey Meat Safe?
        • La Etiqueta del Ave Dice “Fresco”
        • La Preparación de Turduckens Requiere un Manejo Adecuado
        • Let's Talk Turkey Roasting
        • Pato y Ganso de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Pavo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Pavo: Rutas Alternativas Hacia la Mesa
        • Pollo de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Poultry Processing: Questions & Answers
        • Poultry: Basting, Brining, and Marinating
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Cocinar De Forma Adecuada
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Como Descongelar Seguramente
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: El Relleno
        • Preparación Básica del Pavo: Manejo de las Comidas Cocidas
        • Procesamiento de Aves: Preguntas y Respuestas
        • Stuffing and Food Safety
        • The Poultry Label Says "Fresh"
        • Turduckens Require Safe Food Handling
        • Turkey Basics: Handling Cooked Dinners
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Cooking
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Thawing
        • Turkey Basics: Stuffing
        • Turkey from Farm to Table
        • Turkey: Alternate Routes to the Table
        • ¿Es Segura la Carne de Pavo Rosada?
      • Eggs
        • Egg Products and Food Safety
        • Huevos en Cascarón De la Granja a la Mesa
        • Ovoproductos e Inocuidad Alimentaria
        • Shell Eggs from Farm to Table
      • Emergencies
        • A Consumer's Guide to Food Safety: Severe Storms and Hurricanes
        • Eliminando Olores de Refrigeradores y Congeladores
        • Fires and Food Safety
        • Incendios y Seguridad Alimentaria
        • Keep Your Food Safe During Emergencies
        • Removing Odors from Refrigerators and Freezers
      • USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline
      • Brochures & Publications
    • Food Defense and Emergency Response
      • Emergency Response
      • Continuity of Operations (COOP)
      • Food Defense
        • Risk Mitigation Tool
        • Food Defense Considerations for Transportation of FSIS-Regulated Products
        • Food Defense Tools, Resources and Training
        • Functional Food Defense Plans
        • International Food Defense
  • Science & Data
    • Research Priorities
      • FSIS/ORISE Food Safety Fellowship Program
        • Aaron Dudley
        • Lauren Lee
        • Sharon Nieves-Miranda
        • Yesutor Soku
        • Ali Strickland
    • Data Sets & Visualizations
      • Microbiology
        • Baseline Microbiology Data Reports
        • Microbiological Testing Program for RTE Meat and Poultry Products
          • Tables & Results Microbiological Testing Program for RTE Meat
          • Tables & Results: Microbiological Testing Program Pasteurized Egg Products
          • Aggregate Salmonella Categorization of Raw Chicken Parts, NRTE Comminuted Poultry, Young Chicken Carcass and Young Turkey Carcass Establishments Using Moving Windows
          • Salmonella Initiative Program Criteria
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Antimicrobial Resistance
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Raw Beef Products
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Ready-to-eat Products and Egg Products
            • Quarterly Sampling Reports on Salmonella
            • Salmonella Action Plan: A One and Two Year Update
        • Microbiological Testing Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
          • Year-to-Date Totals: Testing of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
          • Annual Report for STEC in Raw Ground Beef or Veal and Raw Ground Beef or Veal Components
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2017
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2018
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2016
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2015
          • Year-to-Date 2018 Totals: Results of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC):
        • Salmonella Verification Testing Program Monthly Posting
      • Chemical Residues and Contaminants
      • Humane Handling Data
      • Laboratory Sampling Data
        • Egg Product Testing, Years 1995-2017
      • Inspection Task Data
    • Developer Resources
      • Recall API
    • Scientific Reports
      • Public Health Regulations (PHR)
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2025
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2024
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2023
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2022
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2021
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2020
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2019
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2018
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2017
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2016
      • Interagency Food Safety Analytics Collaboration (IFSAC)
    • Laboratories & Procedures
      • Accredited Laboratory Program
        • Key Facts: ISO Accreditation
      • FSIS Laboratories
        • Requesting Bacterial Isolates from FSIS
    • Risk Assessments
    • Sampling Program
      • Raw Pork Products Exploratory Sampling Program
      • Sampling Results for FSIS Regulated Products
    • National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)
    • Journal Publications
  • Policy
    • Food Safety Acts
      • Federal Meat Inspection Act
      • Poultry Products Inspection Act
      • Egg Products Inspection Act
      • Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
    • FSIS Guidelines
    • Directives & Notices
      • FSIS Notices
      • FSIS Directives
    • Petitions
    • Federal Register & Rulemaking
      • Federal Register Notices
      • Federal Register Rules
      • Executive Orders, Small Business Protection Laws & Other Guidance
      • Regulatory Priorities
    • Advisory Committees
      • National Advisory Committee on Meat and Poultry Inspection (NACMPI)
      • National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
        • 2023-2025 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF)
        • 2021-2023 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
        • NACMCF 2022 Subcommittee
        • 2018-2020 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
    • FSIS Procurement
    • National Federal Financial Assistance
    • Regulatory Decisions & Non-Retaliation
  • Inspection
    • Inspection Programs
      • Inspection of Meat Products
        • Humane Handling Ombudsman
        • Modernization of Swine Slaughter Inspection
      • Inspection of Poultry Products
        • Reducing Salmonella in Poultry
          • Pilot Projects: Salmonella Control Strategies
          • Proposed Regulatory Framework to Reduce Salmonella Illnesses Attributable to Poultry
            • Component 1
            • Component 2
            • Component 3
          • Salmonella By the Numbers
          • Salmonella KPI
          • Salmonella Risk Assessments
        • Modernization of Poultry Slaughter Inspection
      • Inspection of Egg Products
      • Inspection of Siluriformes
    • Compliance Guidance
      • Significant Guidance
      • HACCP
        • HACCP-Based-Inspection Models Project
          • New Poultry Inspection System (NPIS)
          • HIMP Redesign Achievement of Performance Standards Young Chicken Plants
          • List of HIMP Participating Plants
        • HACCP Validation
      • PHIS
        • PHIS: Historical Information
      • Retail Guidance
      • Small & Very Small Plant Guidance
        • Appealing Inspection Decisions
        • Food Safety Resources for Small and Very Small Plant Outreach: Order Form
        • Small Plant Help Desk
        • Small Plant Help Desk Form
      • Microbial Risk
        • Listeria Monocytogenes
        • Salmonella
        • Shiga Toxin-Producing E.Coli (STEC) and E. Coli O157:H7
        • Specified Risk Material
          • BSE Rules Being Strictly Enforced
            • BSE Workshops for Small & Very Small Plants
          • FSIS BSE Resources
      • Specified Risk Material Resources
      • Food Safety Assessments Tools
      • Recall Process
      • Sanitation Performance Standards Compliance Guide
      • Labeling
        • Basics of Labeling
        • Claims Guidance
        • Nonfood Compounds
          • Compounds Used for Construction and Repair in Federally Inspected Meat and Poultry Plants
          • Criteria Used by the Former Compounds and Packaging Branch for Evaluating Nonfood Compounds and Proprietary Substances
        • Ingredients Guidance
        • Label Submission and Approval System (LSAS)
          • Integration of Paper Label Applications into the Label Submission and Approval System (LSAS)
        • Labeling Policies
          • Human Food Made with Cultured Animal Cells
          • Regulations for Package Dating
          • Comprehensive List of Reasons for Label Modifications and Returns
        • Labeling Procedures
          • Information Required For Requesting a Temporary Approval
          • 10 Most Common Mistakes And How to Avoid Them
          • Label Submission Checklist
          • Labeling Situations That Can Not Have a Temporary Approval
          • Labeling and Establishment Responsibilities
          • Ten Most Commonly Asked Labeling Questions
          • Trans Fat Declarations in the Nutrition Facts Panel on Product Labeling
      • New Technology
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2003
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2004
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2005
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2003
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2004
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2005
        • NOL for Non-O157 STEC Test Methods
        • New Technology Information Table
      • Humane Handling
    • Import & Export
      • Import & Export Library
        • Eligible Foreign Establishments
        • Eligible U.S. Establishments by Country
          • Australia Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Lamb Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Pork Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Poultry Export Eligible Establishments
          • Brazil Export Eligible Establishments
          • Egypt Export Eligible Establishments
          • Hong Kong Beef Export Eligible Establishments
          • Israel Export Eligible Establishments
          • Japan (Casings) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Japan (Cold Storage Facilities) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Mexico Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Beef) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Pork) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Poultry) Export Eligible Establishments
          • Russia (Prepared Products) Export Eligible Establishments
          • South Africa Eligible Establishments
      • Import Guidance
        • FSIS Import Procedures for Meat, Poultry & Egg Products
        • FSIS Import Reinspection
        • Sourcing Egg Products and Shell Eggs From Foreign Countries
      • Export Guidance
      • Equivalence
      • PHIS Components
      • International Reports
        • Foreign Audit Reports
        • Import and Export Data
    • Regulatory Enforcement
      • Humane Handling Enforcement
      • Quarterly Enforcement Reports
    • Inspection Training & Videos
      • Humane Interactive Knowledge Exchange (HIKE) Scenarios
      • Inspection & Mission Training
      • Meat, Poultry and Egg Product Inspection Videos
      • Regulatory Education Video Seminars
    • Apply for Grant of Inspection
      • Grants & Financial Options
    • State Inspection Programs
      • Cooperative Interstate Shipping Program
        • Cooperative Interstate Shipment (CIS) Establishments
      • Guidance Documents for State and Local Agencies
      • States With and Without Inspection Programs
      • Reviews of State Programs
    • Establishments
      • FSIS Inspected Establishments
      • Meat, Poultry and Egg Product Inspection Directory
    • Inspection Forms
  • About FSIS
    • History
    • Leadership & Organizational Structure
    • Strategic Planning
      • FSIS Enterprise Governance Decision Making Process
    • Core Values
    • Food Safety & Agency Partners
      • Memoranda of Understanding (MOU)
    • Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
      • FSIS Adjudications
      • FSIS FOIA Reading Room
      • Frequently Requested Records
    • Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS)
  • Contact Us
    • FSIS Offices
      • Office of Food Safety (OFS)
      • Office of the Administrator (OA)
      • Office of Field Operations (OFO)
      • Office of Investigation, Enforcement and Audit (OIEA)
      • Office of Public Health Science (OPHS)
      • Office of Policy and Program Development (OPPD)
      • Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO)
      • Office of International Coordination (OIC)
      • Office of Employee Experience and Development (OEED)
      • Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO)
      • Office of Management (OM)
      • Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Education (OPACE)
      • Internal Affairs (IA)
      • Office of Planning Analysis Risk Management (OPARM)
      • Civil Rights Staff
    • FSIS Department Emails
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  • Careers
    • Apply for a Job
    • Job Opportunities
    • Career Profiles
      • Administrative Positions
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      • Consumer Safety Inspector
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      • Professional Positions
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    • Who Works for Us
      • Stephanie Galvan Prioritizes Excellence in FSIS
      • Yolanda Kennedy-Edwards: Compassion and Continuous Improvement to Catapult Change
      • Arsalan “AJ” Jalisi Enhances Decision-Making and Engagement with Data Analytics
      • Archives
    • Hiring Paths
      • Inspector Apprenticeship Programs
      • Professionals with Disabilities
      • Student Employment Programs
      • Externships and Volunteer Opportunities
    • Federal Employee Benefits Summary
  • News & Events
    • Events & Meetings
      • Officials' Calendar of Meetings
      • Food Safety Education Month
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      • News Feeds & Subscriptions
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  • Employees
    • HR Policies & Systems
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    • FSIS Safety
      • HPAI (H5N1) Information
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    • Onboarding and Offboarding
      • Employees Separating from FSIS
      • New Hire Training
      • Exit Interview Guide
    • Agency Awards & Achievements
      • 2024 Under Secretary’s Awards and Administrator’s Awards for Excellence Ceremony
    • Employee News & Stories
      • FSIS Snapshots
        • May 2025 Snapshots
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      • Submit Your Stories
      • Archives
        • ARCHIVE: Professional Development and Education Benefits as a Recruitment Tool
        • ARCHIVE: Improved PHIS Task Distributor Comes Online!
        • ARCHIVE: Reflections on a Changing Paradigm: World Veterinary Day
        • ARCHIVE: FSIS at Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Conference
        • ARCHIVE: The Power of Alternative Dispute Resolution Programs: Resolving Workplace Conflicts Efficiently
        • ARCHIVE: Third FSIS International Meat, Poultry and Egg Products Inspection Seminar Held in Santiago, Chile
        • ARCHIVE: Supervisors Make All the Difference!
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month — Workplace Violence: Active Shooter
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month - Cyber Security for Remote Work
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month: Occupant Emergency Planning
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month: Emergency Alerts
        • ARCHIVE: Managing Heat Risk in Hot Weather
        • ARCHIVE: New Netflix Show Features USDA and FSIS
        • ARCHIVE: Thank You for Your Public Service
        • ARCHIVE: World Veterinary Day — Recognizing the Resilience of FSIS Veterinarians
        • ARCHIVE: Two Hero Inspectors Provide Potentially Life-Saving CPR to a Plant Employee
        • ARCHIVE: Hero Inspector Saves a Life While on the Road
        • ARCHIVE: Administrative Professionals Day — Thank You
        • ARCHIVE: Chief Information Security Officer Marvin Lykes Recognized for Operational Excellence
        • ARCHIVE: Alameda District Awards Petaluma Circuit Inspectors Recognition Coins
        • ARCHIVE: Collaborating in the Caribbean — Bringing Awareness About African Swine Fever
        • ARCHIVE: Dearborn, Mich., Circuit Inspectors Receive Collaborative Coins
        • ARCHIVE: Don’t Invite Foodborne Illness to the Party
        • ARCHIVE: Inspection for Ritual Meat and Poultry Slaughter
        • ARCHIVE: Thanksgiving Message from Leadership
        • ARCHIVE: Make a Difference for You and Your Colleagues – Respond to FEVS by Dec. 3
        • ARCHIVE: Federal State Audit Staff Twice Honored for Supporting Military Staff
        • ARCHIVE: Veterans Day Messages from FSIS Leadership
        • ARCHIVE: Food Inspector Apprenticeship Programs for Veterans
        • ARCHIVE: Helping Today’s Inspectors Be Tomorrow’s Leaders with Tuition Reimbursement
        • ARCHIVE: National Preparedness Month – Home Go Kits & Pets
        • ARCHIVE: Modernizing Egg Inspection
        • ARCHIVE: FSIS Recognized Twice for 2020 Food Safety Education Efforts
        • ARCHIVE: Four Steps to Good Mental Health
        • ARCHIVE: Building Relationships at Work
        • ARCHIVE: Honoring the Dedicated Public Servants of FSIS
        • ARCHIVE: Remembering Their Sacrifice: Jean Hillery, Tom Quadros and Bill Shaline
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Food Safety and Inspection Service

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Availability of FSIS Guideline on Substantiating Animal-Raising or Environment-Related Labeling Claims

Docket Number Docket No. FSIS-2024-0010
Federal Register Type Notice of availability and request for comments
Posted Date Sep 10, 2024
Docket File
Docket No. FSIS-2024-0010
Comment Period Sep 10, 2024 - Nov 12, 2024
View on Regulations.gov

Summary

Edited January 2025.

FSIS is announcing the availability of an updated version of its guideline on documentation needed to support animal-raising or environment-related claims on meat or poultry product labeling. Official establishments submit this documentation to the Agency when they apply for approval of labels with animal-raising or environment-related claims. The updated guideline includes changes made in response to updated scientific information, FSIS sampling data, askFSIS questions, public comments, petitions, and other meetings with Agency stakeholders.

Dates

Submit comments on or before November 12, 2024.

Addresses

FSIS invites interested persons to submit comments on this Federal Register document. Submit comments by one of the following methods:

  • Federal eRulemaking Portal: This website allows commenters to type short comments directly into the comment field on the web page or to attach a file for lengthier comments. Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions at that site for submitting comments.
  • Mail: Send to Docket Clerk, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Mailstop 3758, Washington, DC 20250-3700.
  • Hand- or courier-delivered submittals: Deliver to 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Jamie L. Whitten Building, Room 350-E, Washington, DC 20250-3700.

Instructions: All items submitted by mail or electronic mail must include the Agency name and docket number FSIS-2024-0010. Comments received in response to this docket will be made available for public inspection and posted without change, including any personal information, to https://www.regulations.gov.

Docket: For access to background documents or comments received, call 202-720-5046 to schedule a time to visit the FSIS Docket Room at 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-3700.

For Further Information Contact

Rachel Edelstein, Assistant Administrator, Office of Policy and Program Development; Telephone: (202) 205-0495.

Supplementary Information

Background

Under the Federal Meat Inspection Act and Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601-695, at 601(n), 607; 21 U.S.C. 451-470, at 453(h), 457) (the Acts), FSIS develops and implements regulations to require that the labels of meat and poultry products are truthful and not misleading. Under the Acts, the Secretary of Agriculture, who has delegated this authority to FSIS, must approve the labels of meat and poultry products before the products can enter commerce (21 U.S.C. 601(d); 21 U.S.C. 457(c)). (1)

FSIS allows some labels to be generically approved if they bear all applicable mandatory labeling features, (2) do not contain special statements or claims as defined at 9 CFR 412.1(e)(1), and otherwise comply with the Agency's labeling regulations (see 9 CFR 412.2). Generically approved labels do not need to be submitted to FSIS for approval before they can be used on products in commerce. However, a label with a special statement or claim (9 CFR 412.1(c)(3) and (e)) must be submitted to FSIS for approval before it may be used on a product distributed in commerce.

Animal-raising and environment-related claims are voluntary “special statements and claims” (9 CFR 412.1(e)). Special statements and claims are statements, claims, logos, trademarks, and other symbols as defined in 9 CFR 412.1(e). Special statements and claims include those claims not defined in the Federal meat and poultry products inspection regulations or the Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book; “Natural” claims; health claims; ingredient and processing method claims; structure-function claims; claims regarding the raising of animals ( e.g., “no antibiotics administered”; products labeled as organic; and instructional or disclaimer statements concerning pathogens).

FSIS does not require such claims to appear on product labels. However, establishments may voluntarily add animal-raising or environment-related claims to their labels if they do not render the product misbranded. Examples of animal-raising claims include but are not limited to: “Raised Without Antibiotics,” “Grass Fed,” “Free-Range,” and “Raised Without the Use of Hormones.” Examples of environment-related claims include but are not limited to: “Raised using Regenerative Agriculture Practices,” and “Environmentally Responsible.” FSIS evaluates labels bearing such claims on a case-by-case basis by reviewing the animal production protocol submitted with the label approval application. FSIS approves the label if the documentation supports the claim made, if the claim is otherwise truthful and not misleading, if the claim (including any qualifying information) is prominently and conspicuously displayed on the label, and if the claim does not otherwise render the product misbranded under the Acts.

At establishments that label products with animal-raising or environment-related claims, FSIS inspectors routinely verify that establishments maintain compliant label records on file. In addition, inspectors may also take appropriate regulatory control action, such as product retention, when they identify misbranded product. FSIS could also rescind approval of false or misleading labels per 9 CFR 500.8.

On October 5, 2016, FSIS announced the availability of and requested comments on its “Labeling Guideline on Documentation Needed to Substantiate Animal Raising Claims for Label Submission” (81 FR 68933). FSIS published the guideline to advise establishments on the type of documentation they should submit to support animal-raising claims on meat or poultry product labels. FSIS uses this documentation to determine whether these claims are truthful and not misleading.

On December 27, 2019, FSIS announced the availability of an updated version of the guideline (84 FR 71359). FSIS updated the guideline in response to public comments on the 2016 version and a petition for rulemaking. In the 2019 Federal Register notification, FSIS specifically requested comments on the label claim “free range” for poultry products in response to the petition. The comments and FSIS' responses are summarized below. After reviewing updated scientific information, FSIS sampling data, askFSIS questions, public comments, petitions, and other meetings with Agency stakeholders, FSIS has revised the guideline to improve readability, better assist establishments with substantiating animal-raising or environment-related claims, and reduce consumer confusion regarding such claims.

As discussed below, FSIS strongly encourages the use of third-party certification to substantiate animal-raising or environment-related claims, given the limits of FSIS jurisdiction. Third-party certification of animal-raising or environment-related claims helps ensure that such claims are truthful and not misleading by having an independent organization verify that standards are being met on the farm for the raising of animals and the use of environmentally supportive practices. This guidance document identifies criteria that ensures a third-party certification organization is credible and reliable. The Agency evaluates each third-party certification program to assess its suitability for substantiating these types of claims. The revised guideline is posted at https://www.fsis.usda.gov/policy/fsis-guidelines.

FSIS Responses to Comments on the 2019 Guideline, Petitions, and Other Information

Free Range and Pasture-Raised Claims

FSIS received over nine thousand comments in response to the previous guideline from individuals, animal advocacy groups, and industry groups on the previous version of this guideline that argued that living or raising conditions claims ( e.g., “free range” and “pasture-raised”) could be considered misleading because they do not always match consumer expectations. Many commenters suggested that to avoid being considered misleading and to better align with consumer expectations, FSIS should define these claims. Lastly, many of the commenters stated that claims like “free range” should not be considered synonymous with other claims ( i.e., “free-roaming,” “pasture-fed,” “pasture grown,” “pasture-raised,” and “meadow raised”). Many commenters argued that the production practices associated with these claims are fundamentally different and have different animal welfare implications.

FSIS also received three petitions for rulemaking requesting changes to the Agency's guidance on animal-raising claims. In January 2016, the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) submitted a petition for rulemaking  (3) requesting that FSIS amend its poultry products labeling regulations to define “free range” and to establish substantiation requirements for approval of the claim. The petition specifically asked that FSIS prescribe standards for “free range” claims to require that the birds are provided with (1) outdoor access during daylight hours daily for at least 51 percent of their lives; (2) outdoor space where at least half of the area has a vegetative cover; (3) multiple, large access points to the outdoors; and (4) natural or artificial shelter in the outdoor area. The petition also requested that FSIS require that applications for “free range,” “free-roaming,” and “range grown” labels include a signed affidavit accompanied by a detailed animal care protocol and photographs that illustrate that the birds were raised under conditions that qualify for a “free range,” “free-roaming,” or “range grown” claim.

AWI argued that improperly labeled products could enter the market because FSIS does not define “free range” and its synonymous terms. AWI claimed that the free-range claim can be used in false and misleading ways that may be injurious to individual consumers and the broader market for properly packaged poultry products. The petition included 23 exhibits, consumer expectation data, askFSIS questions, and “free-range” labels approved by FSIS that AWI believed should not have been approved.

In December 2019, FSIS issued an interim response to the petition  (4) explaining that it updated the guideline to add information on the types of documentation typically needed to substantiate a “free range” claim on a poultry product. FSIS also explained that it requested comments on the Agency's approach for approving “free range” claims in the labeling of poultry products in the 2019 Federal Register notification accompanying the updated guideline.

In March 2023, Perdue Farms, LLC (Perdue) submitted a petition for rulemaking  (5) requesting that FSIS remove “pasture-raised” as a claim synonymous with “free range.” Perdue's petition also requested that FSIS define “pasture-raised” to apply only to chickens that spend the majority of their lives physically on “pasture,” and “pasture” as a majority of rooted-in-soil vegetative cover.

Perdue's petition argued that consumers and industry actors perceive “pasture-raised” and “free range” as separate classifications, with the former as a more premium claim. In addition, the petition argued that making these changes would avoid false and misleading marketing of “free range” chickens that have only access to the outdoors and “pasture-raised” chickens that physically spend their life on a pasture. The petition contained consumer survey data to support their arguments. FSIS received 15 comments from third-party certifying organizations, establishments, industry groups, consumer groups, and members of Congress in support of the petition.

Additionally, in July 2022, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) submitted a petition for rulemaking  (6) requesting that FSIS stop its review and approval of animal-raising claims on food products. Specifically, PETA requested that FSIS amend 9 CFR 412.1 to no longer allow for approval of claims regarding the raising of animals on product labels. PETA also asked FSIS to rescind its guidelines regarding FSIS' approval of animal-raising claims on labels.

PETA argued that FSIS lacks jurisdiction to regulate on-farm, animal-raising activities; therefore, FSIS' review, approval, and allowance of animal-raising labels exceeds its statutory authority. According to PETA, because FSIS does not have on-farm jurisdiction, establishments can make misleading or false claims concerning how animals are raised, leading to consumer confusion. The petition included examples of what PETA argued were misleading animal-raising claims that FSIS approved. FSIS didn't receive any public comments on the petition.

FSIS' Response

FSIS has updated its animal-raising claims guidance in response to the concerns raised by commenters and petitioners. FSIS has, however, determined not to codify in its regulations any specific animal-raising claims definitions at this time. (7) FSIS maintains that animal production practices vary and are continuously developing and that keeping a current list of codified allowable labeling claims would be impractical.

Codifying definitions for animal-raising claims could also hinder the development of new or improved animal production practices. Producers consistently innovate practices to improve the raising of livestock or poultry from birth to slaughter. Likewise, consumer expectations of animal-raising claims consistently evolve. If animal-raising claims are codified, producers that improve their animal-raising practices could lose the benefit of making certain claims, even if the improved practices better align with changing consumer expectations for such claims. For example, producer and consumer understanding of the animal welfare claim “humanely raised” have changed over time. Continued changes in on-farm practices, animal care prior to slaughter, and evolving consumer expectations mean that the understanding of this claim will continue to evolve in the future. Codifying such claims could, therefore, stifle innovation.

Under FSIS' current policy, FSIS Labeling and Program Delivery Staff (LPDS) generally only approves animal welfare or living or raising conditions claims if establishments define their animal welfare or living conditions claims directly on the label. Alternatively, if the establishment has a website where the claim is defined, it may provide the website address on the label rather than directly define the claim. Also under current policy, for poultry products, establishments do not need to include additional explanation for the living or raising conditions claims “Free Range,” “Free Roaming,” “Pasture Fed,” “Pasture Grown,” “Pasture Raised,” or “Meadow Raised” on the product labels. However, establishments must provide specific documentation to substantiate such claims. This policy helps ensure that consumers are not confused or misled by such claims.

FSIS has updated the guidance to strongly encourage the use of third-party certifiers to substantiate animal-raising claims. As stated in the revised guideline, labels that truthfully display a third-party certifier's name, logo, and website do not need to further define their certified animal-raising claims on the product label as discussed above, provided that an explanation of the claim and the relevant standards and definitions are clearly posted on the certifier's website.

Additionally, the guideline now strongly encourages establishments to provide additional documentation to the LPDS to substantiate label claims like “pasture-raised,” “pasture-fed,” “pasture grown,” and “meadow-raised.” Specifically, FSIS encourages establishments to provide written documentation describing that animals are raised on pasture, i.e., land where the majority is rooted in vegetative cover with grass or other plants, for the majority of their life span from birth until slaughter.

FSIS is not revising the guideline or its regulations to require applications for “free range,” “free-roaming,” and “range grown” labels to include a signed affidavit, accompanied by a detailed animal care protocol and photographs that illustrate that the birds were raised under conditions that qualify for a “free range,” “free-roaming,” or “range grown” claim. To substantiate an animal-raising claim, establishments provide LPDS with documentation that supports the claim.

The kind and amount of supporting documentation depends on the claim and could vary according to circumstances. For example, an establishment would need to submit the following documentation to substantiate a “cage free” labeling claim for LPDS approval: (1) A detailed written description explaining controls for ensuring that the animals are raised in a manner consistent with the meaning of the living or raising conditions claim that is valid from birth to slaughter or the period of raising being referenced by the claim; (2) A signed and dated document describing how the animals are raised to support that the claims are not false or misleading; (3) A written description of the product tracing and segregation mechanism from time of slaughter or further processing through packaging and wholesale or retail distribution; and (4) A written description of the identification, control, and segregation of non-conforming animals/product. FSIS comprehensively evaluates these label applications on a case-by-case basis.

FSIS will continue to evaluate animal-raising claims and approve labeling that complies with the Acts. Stopping FSIS review and approval of all animal-raising claims, as suggested by one petitioner, would effectively prohibit the display of such claims, including those that are truthful and not misleading. This action would, therefore, raise significant free speech issues and could be considered unconstitutional.

Negative Antibiotic Use Claims

In April 2022, Science magazine published an article entitled “Policy Reform for antibiotic use claims in livestock,” co-authored by the Antibiotic Resistance Action Center at the George Washington University (GWU) School of Public Health and Food In-Depth (FoodID). (8) The article reported on a study, where the urine of beef cattle designated for the raised without antibiotics market, specifically for a “No Antibiotics Ever” program, was tested for 17 antibiotics commonly administered in feed and water using the FoodID rapid immunoassay. According to the article, the study showed that 15 percent of the cattle feedlots sampled had one or more positive result. A subset of the urine samples that screened positive were subsequently tested in a third-party reference lab. Drug residues were confirmed and quantified in 24 of the 26 samples.

In June 2023, USDA announced that it would be implementing a multi-step effort aimed at strengthening the substantiation of animal-raising and environment-related claims. (9) FSIS and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) announced that the two Agencies would be conducting a sampling project to assess antibiotic residues in cattle destined for the raised without antibiotics market.

In September 2023, FSIS and ARS announced that the Agencies began exploratory sampling to assess whether antibiotics residues are detected in cattle intended for the raised without antibiotics market. (10) FSIS collected liver and kidney samples from 189 eligible cattle at 79 slaughter establishments in 34 States, and ARS analyzed the samples using a method that targeted more than 180 veterinary drugs from various major classes of antibiotics. For the majority (74%) of these drugs, the method used by ARS is capable of detecting the drug at levels as low as 1 part per billion (ppb) in the animal tissue, with almost all drugs (95%) being detectable at or below 10 ppb.

The exploratory sampling study found residues of antibiotic drugs in the liver or kidney of 37 raised without antibiotics cattle (equivalent to 20% of the total number of animals sampled) originating from 27 slaughter establishments. There were 46 residue detections in these 37 animals. Residues from 10 different types of drugs were detected (tulathromycin, monensin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, penicillin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, gamithromycin, and sulfamethazine).

FSIS sent letters to establishments where antibiotic residues were found in cattle during the study. The letters notified the establishments about the positive test results, noted that the establishments may have produced misbranded products, and recommended that the establishments take actions to prevent further misbranded product from entering commerce. FSIS also notified the establishments that the results from the study would inform future policy changes, and that the Agency may elect to collect and analyze future samples that could be used to take a regulatory action. FSIS is still considering these issues and will inform the public of any future changes to label policy or Agency sampling.

FSIS' Response

In response to the GWU/FoodID study in Science magazine and the FSIS/ARS sampling program results, FSIS has updated its recommendations in the guideline on how establishments substantiate negative antibiotic use claims. Specifically, the guideline now strongly encourages meat and poultry establishments to substantiate such claims by implementing a routine sampling and testing program to test for the use of antibiotics in animals prior to slaughter. In the alternative, the guideline strongly encourages that establishments obtain third party certification for negative antibiotic use claims from certifiers that routinely perform antibiotic sampling and testing as a condition of certification.

Environment-Related Claims

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) submitted petitions for rulemaking in April and July 2023. (11) EWG requested that FSIS: (1) reject climate-related and environment-related labeling claims like “low-carbon beef” and “climate-friendly” made directly by establishments, (2) require third-party certification for climate claims, and (3) require a numerical carbon disclosure whenever such claims are made.

EWG argued that many environmental welfare climate claims (e.g., Low-Carbon Beef, Net-Zero, Carbon Neutral, Carbon Negative, Climate Neutral, Net-Zero Carbon, Climate Positive, Climate Neutral, and Carbon Positive) are inherently misleading. According to EWG, most consumers believe these claims reflect reductions in actual greenhouse gas emissions in-house, not offsets of these emissions through changes in farming practices by others. The petitioner stated that when consumers are told that claims could be made by reliance on offsets instead of actual emissions reductions, most consumers report feeling misled. (12)

FSIS' Response

In response to this petition, FSIS has updated the guideline to explain that establishments are strongly encouraged to provide additional documentation, such as environmental data or studies, to FSIS to support and substantiate their environment-related claims. This change to the environment-related claims guidance will help ensure that claims are truthful and not misleading. FSIS recommends that establishments contact LPDS to discuss potential environment-related claims and the documentation needed to support such claims before submitting a label application for prior approval.

Under FSIS' current policy, establishments define their environment-related claims directly on the label. Alternatively, if the establishment has a website where the claim is defined, it may provide the website address (where the relevant standards are posted) on the label rather than directly define the claim. This policy helps ensure that consumers are not confused or misled by such claims.

FSIS also updated the guideline to strongly encourage establishments using environment-related claims to use third-party certifiers. When label claims are certified by a third-party organization, which posts the standards used to define the claim conspicuously on its website, establishments do not need to include statements that fully explain their claims on their labels.

Third Party Certification

FSIS' guideline now strongly encourages establishments to use a third-party organization to substantiate animal-raising or environment-related claims. For example, FSIS recommends that third party certification should be performed by an organization independent of the establishment paying for the certification, that the third-party organization should routinely audit, validate, and verify claims on the label to ensure they meet related standards. Moreover, FSIS recommends that the third-party certifier conducts testing for raised without antibiotics claims. In response to concerns that third-party certification is costly for small and very small establishments, FSIS is exploring options to determine whether there are lower-cost third-party certification programs, including those offered by the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), that meet the recommended criteria for third-party certifiers included in the revised guideline.

Summary of Changes to the Guideline

FSIS made the following minor changes to the guideline in response to askFSIS questions and meetings with stakeholders:

  • FSIS clarified that when establishments carry forward an animal-raising claim to a multi-ingredient product, the claim needs to include qualifying language such as “used,” “raised,” or “made with” to make clear that the animal-raising claim is specific to the meat or poultry component in the multi-ingredient product.
  • FSIS added examples of common diet claims and added further guidance on the use of “Vegetarian Fed” and “No Animal Byproducts” claims to clarify that these claims mean that animals are solely fed plant-based feeds and no animal products.
  • FSIS created a new email address for establishments to use when submitting requests to add new supplier documentation for a previously approved label without having to resubmit the label for another sketch approval.
  • FSIS separated “Animal Welfare” and “Environmental Stewardship” sections and renamed “Environmental Stewardship” to “Environment-Related” to better clarify the claims and the documentation to be submitted for each type of claim.
  • FSIS made several changes to the formatting, language, and organizational structure of the guideline to improve readability.

As explained above, FSIS also made some significant changes to the guideline in response to petitions and public comments on the last version of the guideline.

  • FSIS updated documentation that establishments are strongly encouraged to submit to LPDS to substantiate claims like “Pasture Raised,” “Pasture Fed,” “Pasture Grown,” and “Meadow Raised.”
  • FSIS recommended criteria for third-party organizations that certify animal-raising or environment-related claims.
  • FSIS further emphasized that, to substantiate a third-party certification claim, establishments should provide FSIS with a copy of their current certificate.
  • FSIS further emphasized that if a claim was certified by a third-party organization, the Agency will approve the label bearing the claim only if it includes the certifying entity's name, website address (where the relevant standards can be found), and logo, when the organization has a logo.
  • FSIS added language strongly encouraging establishments to substantiate negative antibiotic use claims by instituting a routine sampling program to test for the use of antibiotics in animals prior to slaughter or by using a third-party certifier who performs routine antibiotic sampling and testing as part of their certification standards.

• FSIS added language stating that establishments are strongly encouraged to provide FSIS with relevant data or studies ( e.g., soil/land variation or air quality studies and results) to substantiate environment-related claims.

  • FSIS added language strongly encouraging establishments to use third-party certification to substantiate animal-raising or environment-related claims, given the limits of FSIS jurisdiction.

Additional Public Notification

Public awareness of all segments of rulemaking and policy development is important. Consequently, FSIS will announce this Federal Register publication online through the FSIS web page located at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/federal-register. FSIS will also make copies of this publication available through the FSIS Constituent Update, which is used to provide information regarding FSIS policies, procedures, regulations, Federal Register notices, FSIS public meetings, and other types of information that could affect or would be of interest to our constituents and stakeholders. The Constituent Update is available on the FSIS web page. In addition, FSIS offers an email subscription service that provides automatic and customized access to selected food safety news and information. This service is available at: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe. Options range from recalls to export information, regulations, directives, and notices. Customers can add or delete subscriptions themselves and have the option to password-protect their accounts.

Done at Washington, DC.

Paul Kiecker,

Administrator.

[FR Doc. 2024-19696 Filed 9-9-24; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3410-DM-P

Footnotes

(1)  FSIS has similar authority over egg products under the Egg Products Inspection Act, 21 U.S.C. 1036(b).

(2)  Mandatory labeling features include the product name, handling statement, ingredients statement, name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer or distributor, net weight, legend, safe handling instructions, and nutrition labeling.

(3)  See https://www.fsis.usda.gov/federal-register/petitions/petition-define-free-range-and-equivalent-terms-use-labeling-poultry.

(4)  See: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2020-08/16-01-response-123019.pdf.

(5)  See https://www.fsis.usda.gov/policy/petitions/petition-submitted-perdue-farms-llc.

(6)  See: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/policy/petitions/petition-submitted-people-ethical-treatment-animals.

(7)  The Office of the Federal Register has published this document under the category “Rules and Regulations” pursuant to 1 CFR 5.9(b). The categorization is solely for purposes of publication in the Federal Register and does not change the nature of the document and is not intended to affect the validity, content, or intent of the document. See 1 CFR 5.1(c).

(8)  Lance B. Price et al., Policy reforms for antibiotic use claims in livestock. Science 376, 130-132 (2022). DOI: 11.1126/science.abj1823.

(9)  See: https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2023/06/14/usda-launches-effort-strengthen-substantiation-animal-raising.

(10)  See: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/news-events/news-press-releases/constituent-update-september-22-2023.

(11)  See https://www.fsis.usda.gov/policy/petitions/petition-submitted-environmental-working-group.

(12)  See https://www.asa.org.uk/static/6830187f-cc56-4433-b53a4ab0fa8770fc/CCE-Consumer-Understanding-Research-2022Final-090922.pdf.

Related Resources

FSIS Guideline on Substantiating Animal-Raising or Environment-Related Labeling Claims
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