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Quarterly Results for Serotyping of Salmonellae from Meat and Poultry Products: January–June 2010
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This is a text summary of the full report. All tables and figures are available
in the PDF version (pp. 3-29).
Background
The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Pathogen Reduction;
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) Systems, Final Rule sets Salmonella performance standards for
establishments that slaughter or produce selected classes of food animals or raw ground products (Federal Register, 1996).
Under PR/HACCP, performance standards were established for carcasses of cows/bulls, steers/heifers, market hogs, broilers, ground beef,
ground chicken, and ground turkey based on nationwide microbiological baseline studies conducted before implementation of the rule.
In June 2006, FSIS began sampling turkey carcasses for Salmonella. Guidance on standards for turkey carcasses is available in the
Federal Register (2005).
Prior to 2006, there were two phases of the FSIS regulatory program for Salmonella in raw products: non-targeted and targeted
testing. Non-targeted or "A" set samples were collected at randomly selected establishments with a goal of scheduling every
eligible establishment at least once a year. Other codes (e.g., "B", "C", and "D") represented sample
sets collected from establishments targeted for follow-up testing after a subsequent failed "A" set. FSIS replaced the
targeted/non-targeted approach with risk-based scheduling in 2006. The serotype data in this report are from all sample sets.
The Agency provided individual test results to establishments before completion of a set (Federal Register 2006; Federal Register 2008).
In February 2006, FSIS began reporting quarterly results from Salmonella
verification testing: www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Q1_2010_Salmonella_Testing.pdf; and
www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Q2_2010_Salmonella_Testing.pdf.
In June 2006, FSIS developed new criteria for scheduling establishments that are risk-based and designed to focus FSIS resources on
establishments that have the most samples positive for Salmonella (FSIS 2006) and the greatest number of samples with
serotypes most frequently associated with human salmonellosis as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009).
Therefore, establishments are no longer selected at random. One of the goals of the revised risk-based program is to identify the
source of serotypes of the greatest human health concern and to report those findings directly to establishments. Through this
process, FSIS identifies all pathogens of public health concern using subtype (serotype and PFGE pattern) and drug resistance profiles.
Results
This report includes two quarters of Salmonella serotype data for 2010. Data depicted represent samples collected from January 1
through June 30, 2010. Tables 1-16 display the number of
isolates of each serotype, the percent of isolates out of total positive, and
the percent of isolates of total samples collected. The second quarter results (April-June) do not match the Agency's published quarterly
Salmonella results due to a reassessment of a broiler and a ground beef sample. The initial report listed the samples as positive
and later identified them as negative.
Each table in this report identifies the 10 most commonly isolated serotypes by name for each product class during each quarter.
Less commonly identified serotypes are included in the "other serotypes" category. When there is more than one serotype in
tenth place, all serotypes in tenth place are listed. The tables also include entries classified as "unidentified" isolates.
A single, specific serotype could not be determined for these isolates.
Figures 1-11 display the percent of isolates identified out
of the top 10 serotypes associated with human illness (CDC, 2009) for each product class by quarter from July 2005. For consistency in the
graphs, data collected prior to the 2006 were updated to include results from all sets. The Y-axis in Figures 1-11 represents the serotype
percentage and varies from graph to graph because the incidence of different serotypes by commodity varies greatly and year-to-year
variations in percentages are difficult to discern on one scale.
Limitations
Restructuring how Salmonella sets are scheduled means that comparison of results from 2006 onwards to previous years will be
less meaningful in terms of trends. Similarly, the changes to the verification program will prevent valid comparisons of testing results
over time (e.g., quarter-to-quarter or year-to-year).
References
CDC, "PHLIS Surveillance Data, Salmonella Annual Summary," 2006. Accessed January 19, 2011.
CDC, "Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly through Food - 10 States, 2009," 2010. Accessed on January 19, 2011.
Federal Register, "Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems, Final Rule," Vol. 61, No. 144,
pp. 38805-38989, 1996. Accessed on January 19, 2011.
Federal Register, "Generic E. Coli and Salmonella Baseline Results," Vol. 70, No. 32, pp. 8058-8060, 2005.
Accessed on January 19, 2011.
Federal Register, "Salmonella Verification Sample Results Reporting: Agency Policy and Use in Public Health Protection,"
Vol. 71, No. 38, pp. 9772-9777, 2006. Accessed on January 19, 2011.
Federal Register, "Salmonella Verification Sampling Program: Response to Comments and New Agency Policies," Vol 73,
No. 18, pp. 4767-4774, 2008. Accessed on January 19, 2011.
FSIS, "Scheduling Criteria for Salmonella Sets in Raw Classes of Product," 2006. Accessed on January 19, 2011.
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Last Modified:
March 8, 2011 |
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